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Physics GRE Comprehensive Notes

1 Physics GRE Comprehensive NotesThese set of Notes were written while studying to take the physicsGRE. They are based largely on older exams. They summarize most ofthe necessary topics to succeed in the PGRE. The Notes includetips and point out common by: JEFF ASAF DROR2013 Contents1 Preface72 Classical Newton s Laws .. Forces .. Projectiles .. Springs .. Systems of Particles and Rigid Bodies .. Collisions .. Rotational Motion .. Non-Inertial Rotational Forces .. Orbits .. Fluids .. Waves .. Eigenmodes .. Sound in a Pipe .. Rocket Motion .. Lagrangian Mechanics ..233 General Knowledge.

1 Physics GRE Comprehensive Notes These set of notes were written while studying to take the physics GRE. They are based largely on older exams. They summarize most of

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Transcription of Physics GRE Comprehensive Notes

1 1 Physics GRE Comprehensive NotesThese set of Notes were written while studying to take the physicsGRE. They are based largely on older exams. They summarize most ofthe necessary topics to succeed in the PGRE. The Notes includetips and point out common by: JEFF ASAF DROR2013 Contents1 Preface72 Classical Newton s Laws .. Forces .. Projectiles .. Springs .. Systems of Particles and Rigid Bodies .. Collisions .. Rotational Motion .. Non-Inertial Rotational Forces .. Orbits .. Fluids .. Waves .. Eigenmodes .. Sound in a Pipe .. Rocket Motion .. Lagrangian Mechanics ..233 General Knowledge.

2 Magnetization and Polarization .. Maxwell s Equation .. Due to Different Charge Configurations .. Magnetic Field For Different Current Configurations .. Method of Images .. The Hall Effect .. Characterizing Material Using Their Conductivity .. Superconductivity .. Boundary Conditions .. Current ..324 General Knowledge .. Resistors .. Capacitors .. Inductors .. LC/RLC/AC Circuits .. Impedance and Reactance .. Electronic Filters .. Circuit Rules .. Operation Amplified (Op-amp) .. Electrical Energy Transmission Transformers .. Gates .. Unrelated Facts.

3 445 Thermodynamics and Statistical General Knowledge .. Ideal Gases .. Terminology .. Probability Distributions .. Entropy .. Heat Capacity .. Use of Specific Heat .. P-V Diagrams .. Engines .. Three Laws of Thermodynamics .. Helmholtz Free Energy, Enthalpy, and Gibbs Free Energy .. Blackbodies .. Phase Diagrams ..556 General Knowledge .. Images .. Telescopes and Microscopes .. Rayleigh Criterion .. Non-Relativistic Doppler Shift .. Compound Lenses .. Young s Double Slit Experiment .. Single Slit Diffraction .. Diffraction Grating .. Bragg Diffraction.

4 Thin Films .. Michelson s Interferometer .. Newton s Rings .. Polarization .. Common Laws .. Beats .. Holograms ..647 General Knowledge .. Redshift and Blueshift .. Hubble s Law .. Black Holes ..678 General Knowledge .. Gamma Table .. Lorentz Transformation .. Primary Consequences .. Spacetime Intervals .. Doppler Effect .. Lorentz Transformation of Electric and Magnetic Field ..729 Quantum General Knowledge .. Singlet and Triplet States .. Infinite Potential Well .. Quantum Harmonic Oscillator .. Delta Function Potential .. Time Independent Non-Degenerate Perturbation Theory and the Varia-tional Principle.

5 Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle .. Angular Momentum .. Hydrogen Atom .. Magnetic Moment and Gyromagnetic Ratio .. Photoelectric Effect .. Stern-Gerlach Experiment .. Franck-Hertz Experiment .. Compton Shift .. Perturbations .. Cross Sections .. Possible Useful Theorems ..82 CONTENTS510 Solid State General Knowledge .. Reciprocal Lattice .. Free Electron Gas .. Effective Mass .. Unrelated Facts ..8511 Particle General Knowledge .. Hadrons .. Leptons .. Alpha and Beta Decays .. Detectors ..8812 Atomic General Knowledge .. Spectroscopic Notation .. Hydrogen Quantum Numbers.

6 Selection Rules .. Hund s Rules .. Zeeman Effect .. Stark Effect .. X-ray Spectrum .. Periodic Table .. and Spontaneous Emission .. Spontaneous Emission .. Stimulated Emission ..9313 Nuclear General Knowledge .. Symmetries .. Properties of Nuclei .. Half-Life .. Types of Radiation .. Fission .. Fusion .. Rutherford Scattering .. 10014 General Knowledge .. Line and Surface Integrals .. Common Converging Infinite Series .. Dirac Delta Function .. Fourier Series .. Fourier Transform .. Trig Identities .. Geometry .. Logarithmic Graphs .. 10415 Error General Knowledge.

7 Poisson Distribution .. Propagating Uncertainties .. 10716 Units .. Useful Constants and Formulas .. 10917 Reminders111 Chapter 1 PrefaceThese are Notes that I wrote up when studying for the Physics GREs. The Notes areextensive and were meant to include every possible question on the exam. While theyare not fully inclusive they come pretty close and were a very big help for me on theGREs. They are largely based on previous GRE exams that ETS distributes. Since ETSconstantly repeats questions, the Notes are a good study material for anyone taking theexam. When writing these Notes I did take a few images from online sources withoutputting references.

8 This is because I did not initially intend on distributing these I took your image and did not reference it please let me know and I d be more thenhappy to credit you in the thing you re bound to notice while taking the GRE practice exams (if you havealready) is that they love to put questions that you need simple tricks to solve them. Inorder to avoid getting fooled by these problems I ve sprinkled asides which I denote as STOP! Common Gre Problem . I ve attempted to describe the common tricks andthe solution in these hope those Notes will be as useful for you as they were for me. Good luck!7 Chapter 2 Classical Newton s LawsDef 1. Newton s First Law: An object at rest stays at rest unless acted on by anoutside 2.

9 Newton s Second Law:F=maDef 3. Newton s Third Law: Every action has an equal and opposite ForcesThe maximum friction acting on an object is given byFf FN( )The coefficient of static friction is always equal or greater to kinetic friction. static kinetic( )STOP! Common GRE Problem the situation of figure In this casethe force of friction on the top block is not in general given by the product of the normalforce and the coefficient of static friction since the force that acting on the top block thatfriction opposes is work done by a forceFis given byW= F dr( )The power is equal to the time rate of change of the work begin done:P=dWdt= F dv( ) FORCES9 Figure : Situation shown in definition 1If a force is conservative it implies that the work done by that force is independent of thepath taken.

10 A force is conservative if the curl of the force is equal to zero. F= 0( )A force,Fcan be extracted from a potential energy byF= U( )Conversely a potential energy can be extracted from a force usingU= F dr( )The potential energy on Earth due to gravity is (where y is the distance from the Earth ssurface)U(y) = mg y ydy( )= mgdy( )=mgy( )Where the integration path above was chosen to be directly away from the Earth (sincethe force is conservative the integral is independent of path)STOP! Common GRE Problem force on two block system with one block inthe air. The second block is held up by the force of friction. The trick here is to rememberwhat to put as the force of friction.


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