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Plant Pathogens & Principles of Plant Pathology

Plant Pathogens & Principles of Plant Pathology Plant Pathogens & Principles of Plant Pathology ICAR e-Course For (Agriculture) and (Agriculture) INDEX SN Lecture Page No 01. Introduction 5-11 02. Important Plant pathogenic organisms- different groups- fungi, bacteria, fastidious vesicular bacteria, phytoplasmas, spiroplasmas, viruses, viriods, algae, protozoa and phanerogamic parasites with examples of diseases caused by them. 12-19 03. General Characters of fungi- Definition of fungus, somatic structures, types of fungal thalli, fungal tissues, and modifications of thallus, reproduction in fungi (asexual and sexual). 20-54 04.

physics, chemistry, physiology, mathematics, genetics, soil science, biochemistry, biotechnology etc. Plant pathology has the following major objectives. 1. To study biotic (living), mesobiotic and abiotic (non-living and environmental) causes of diseases or disorders 2. To study the mechanisms of disease development by pathogens 3.

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Transcription of Plant Pathogens & Principles of Plant Pathology

1 Plant Pathogens & Principles of Plant Pathology Plant Pathogens & Principles of Plant Pathology ICAR e-Course For (Agriculture) and (Agriculture) INDEX SN Lecture Page No 01. Introduction 5-11 02. Important Plant pathogenic organisms- different groups- fungi, bacteria, fastidious vesicular bacteria, phytoplasmas, spiroplasmas, viruses, viriods, algae, protozoa and phanerogamic parasites with examples of diseases caused by them. 12-19 03. General Characters of fungi- Definition of fungus, somatic structures, types of fungal thalli, fungal tissues, and modifications of thallus, reproduction in fungi (asexual and sexual). 20-54 04.

2 Nomenclature-Binomial system of nomenclature, rules of nomenclature, classification of fungi. Key to divisions and sub-divisions. 55-56 05. Division I: Myxomycota, Class: Plasmodiophoromycetes, Order: Plasmodiophorales, Division II: Eumycota 57-59 06. Subdivision: Mastigomycotina, class: Chytridiomycetes (Chytridiales), Oomycetes (Peronosporales). 60-74 07. Subdivision: Zygomycotina (Mucorales), 75-77 08. Subdivision: Ascomycotina, class: Hemiascomycetes (Taphrinales), class: Plectomycetes (Eurotiales), class: Pyrenomycetes (Erysiphales, Clavicepitales), class: Loculoascomycetes (Pleosporales), 78-89 09. Subdivition: Basidiomycotina, class: Teliomycetes (Uredinales, Ustilaginales) class: Hymenomycetes (Aphyllophorales) 90-110 10.

3 Subdivition: Deuteromycotina: class: Coelomycetes (Sphaeropsidales), class: Hyphomycetes (Hyphomycetales, Agonomycetales). 111-135 11. Prokaryotes: classification of prokaryotes according to Bergey s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. General characteristics of bacteria and examples of phytopathogenic bacteria, fastidious vesicular bacteria, phytoplasmas and spiroplasmas. 136-141 12. Plant viruses-general characteristics and examples of Plant diseases caused by viruses. 142-151 13. Viroids- general characteristics and examples of diseases caused by viroids. 152-155 14. Definition and objectives of Plant Pathology . History of Plant Pathology . 156-162 15. Terms and concepts in Plant Pathology .

4 Survival and Dispersal of Plant Pathogens . 163-199 16. Phenomenon of infection pre-penetration, penetration and post penetration. 200-204 17. Pathogenesis Role of enzymes, toxins, growth regulators and polysaccharides. 205-211 18. Defense mechanism in plants Structural and Bio-chemical (pre and post-infection). 212-223 19. Plant disease epidemiology Meaning and importance, difference between simple and compound interest diseases Factors affecting Plant diseaseepidemics host, pathogen, environment and time factor. 224-234 20. Plant Disease Forcasting Meaning, advantages, methods in forecasting and examples. 235-241 21. Remote sensing Meaning, scope, objectives, advantages.

5 242-248 22. General Principles of Plant diseases management Importance, general Principles Avoidance, exclusion, eradication, protection and therapy, immunization. 249-252 23. Regulatory methods Plant Quarantine and Inspection Quarantine Rules and Regulations. 253-273 24. Cultural methods Rougeing, eradication of alternate and collateral hosts, crop rotation, manure and fertilizer management, mixed cropping, sanitation, hot weather ploughing, soil amendments, time of sowing, seed rate and Plant density, irrigation and drainage. 274-294 25. Biological control and PGPR Scope and importance Role and mechanisms of biological control and PGPR with examples.

6 Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria. 295-305 26. Physical Methods Heat treatments, soil solarization, hot water treatment, hot air treatment, control by refrigeration and radiation. 306-308 27. Chemical methods study of different groups of fungicides. Methods of application of fungicides. 309-344 28. Host Plant resistance Importance disease resistance, tolerance, susceptibility and disease escape. Horizontal and vertical resistance Method of management of resistance. Immunization Systemic acquired resistance. 345-354 29. Application of biotechnology in Plant disease management Importance, production of pathogen free plants through tissue culture techniques.

7 355-358 30. Development of disease resistant treansgenic plants through gene cloning. 359-365 31. Integrated Plant disease management (IDM) Concept, advantages and importance. 366-373 Lecture 01 - Introduction Definition and History of Plant Pathology Plant Pathology Plant Pathology or phytopathology is the science, which deals with the Plant diseases. It is concerned with health and productivity of growing plants . Phytopathology ( Greek Phyton = Plant + pathos - disease, ailments + logos = discourse, knowledge) is the branch of agricultural, botanical or biological science which deals with the cause, etiology (aetiology), resulting in losses and management methods of Plant diseases.

8 Plant Pathology can also be defined as the study of the nature, cause and prevention of Plant diseases. Plant Pathology is related to most of the old and new sciences like biology, physics, chemistry, physiology, mathematics, genetics, soil science, biochemistry, biotechnology etc. Plant Pathology has the following major objectives. 1. To study biotic (living), mesobiotic and abiotic (non-living and environmental) causes of diseases or disorders 2. To study the mechanisms of disease development by Pathogens 3. To study the Plant (host)-pathogen interaction in relation to environment 4. To develop methods of management of Plant diseases Plant diseases Plant diseases are recognized by the symptoms (external or internal) produced by them or by sick appearance of the Plant .

9 The term Plant disease signifies the condition of the Plant due to disease or cause of the disease. Plant disease is mainly defined in terms of the damage caused to the Plant or to its organ. The other definitions for the term disease are: 1. Disease is a malfunctioning process that is caused by continuous irritation, which results in some suffering producing symptoms. This definition is accepted by both American Phytopathological Society and British Mycological Society. 2. Disease is an alteration in one or more of the ordered sequential series of physiological processes culminating in a loss of coordination of energy utilization in a Plant as a result of the continuous irritation from the presence or absence of some factor or agent.

10 3. A Plant is said to be diseased when there is a harmful deviation from normal functioning of physiological process (Federation of British Plant Pathologists, 1973). 5 Plant Pathogens & Principles of Plant 4. The disease can also be defined as 'any disturbance brought about by a living entity or non-living agents or environmental factors which interfere with manufacture, translocation or utilization of food, mineral nutrients and water in such a way that the affected Plant changes in appearance with or without much loss in yield than that of a normal healthy Plant of the same variety. In general disease is an interaction among the host, parasite and the environment.


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