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1 PPPEEERRRSSSPPPEEECCCTTTIIIVVVEEE PPPLLLAAANNN fffooorrr IIINNNDDDIIIAAANNN FFFOOORRREEENNNSSSIIICCCSSS Final Report presented to the Ministry of Home Affairs Government of India New Delhi by the Consultants Dr. Gopal Ji Misra & Dr. C. Damodaran JULY 2010 i CONTENT Page List of abbreviations xii Executive Summary 1 1 Introduction 70 2 Organization 87 3 Infrastructure 143 4 Procedures 163 5 Research 189 6 Training 199 7 Education 210 8 Homeland security 229 9 Miscellaneous 233 Implementation Plan 276 Acknowledgement 281 References 282 ii Attachments Attachment A : Letter to academia 301 Attachment B : Letter to forensic organizations 303 Attachment C : Letter to forensic end-users 367 Attachment D : Letter to fingerprint bureaux 370 Attachment E : Letter to forensic medicine experts 372 Attachment F.

2 Letter to chemical examiners 374 Attachment G : Letter to serologist 376 Attachment H : Letter to retired forensic scientists 378 Attachment I : Letter to Directorate of Forensic Science 381 Attachment J : Letter to National Institute of Criminology & Forensic Science 384 Attachment K : Letter to courts 393 Appendices Appendix - 1 : Nuclear Forensics 396 Appendix - 2 : Image Analysis 401 Appendix - 3 : Cell Phone Forensics 404 Appendix - 4 : Digital Forensics 408 Appendix - 5 : Network Forensics 416 Appendix - 6 : Speaker Recognition 420 iii Appendix - 7 : Photofit Portrait 424 Appendix - 8 : Biometrics 426 Appendix - 9 : Automated Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS) 429 Appendix 10 : High-throughput DNA Sequencing and Genotyping 432 Appendix - 11 : Microbial Forensics 435 Appendix - 12 : Forensics Against Narco-terrorism 438 Appendix - 13 : Forensic intelligence 440 Appendix - 14 : Punjab Model of Coordination between Forensic Innovation / intelligence and Police to Outmanoeuvre Terrorism 441 Appendix - 15 : Terror through Firearms / Ammunitions.

3 Lessons from Punjab 443 Appendix - 16 : Terror through Explosives : Lessons from Punjab 448 Appendix - 17 : Terrorist Funding : A Probe from Punjab 453 Annexures Annexure - I : Recommended Organizational Structure of Directorate of Forensic Service (DIFOSER) 456 Annexure-II : Recommended functions of the Directorate of Forensic Service (DIFOSER) through the three portfolio-clusters of its headquarters (Vide Annexure - I) 457 Annexure - III : The Forensic Act (proposed) 458 iv Annexure - IV : Amendments to Act / Code (proposed) 459 Figures Figure 0 : Elements of forensic service 69 Figure 1 : Organizational (scientific) chart of Directorate of Forensic Science (MHA,GoI) 8 Figure 2 : Organizational (scientific) chart of CFSL, CBI 9 Figure 3.

4 Cases examined (2005-2009) / cases pending (as of Dec 31, 2009) at CFSL, Chandigarh 16 Figure 4 : Cases examined (2005-2009) / cases pending (as of Dec 31, 2009) at CFSL, Hyderabad 17 Figure 5 : Cases examined (2005-2009) / cases pending (as of Dec 31, 2009) at CFSL, Kolkata 17 Figure 6 : Cases examined (2005-2009) / cases pending (as of Dec 31, 2009) at CFSL, CBI, New Delhi 18 Figure 7 : Cases examined (2005-2009) / cases pending (as of Dec 31, 2009) at GEQD, Hyderabad 18 Figure 8 : Cases examined (2005-2009) / cases pending (as of Dec 31, 2009) at GEQD, Kolkata 19 Figure 9 : Cases examined (2005-2009) / cases pending (as of Dec 31, 2009) at GEQD, Shimla 19 Figure 10 : National Institute of Criminology & Forensic Science (NICFS) - - - Staff position (Forensic Science) 115 Figure 11 : Consensus as to whether the offices of GEsQD should be integral part of forensic laboratory 118 Figure 12 : Staff position of Central Forensic Science Laboratories 113 v Figure 13.

5 Staff position with the Government examiners of Questioned Documents 113 Figure 14 : Judiciary s suggestions for improving forensic service delivery 235 Figure 15 : Suggestions from CBI officers for improving forensic service delivery 235 Figure 16 : Suggestions from State Police Officers for improving forensic service delivery 236 Figure 17 : Judiciary s self assessment on forensic science awareness 237 Figure 18 : Forensic science awareness among judiciary, as viewed by Central forensic establishments 237 Figure 19 : Forensic science awareness among prosecutors and lawyers, as viewed by Central forensic establishments 238 Figure 20 : Self assessment by CBI officers on forensic science awareness 238 Figure 21 : Forensic science awareness among officers of CBI, as viewed by Central forensic establishments 239 Figure 22.

6 Self assessment by police officers on forensic science awareness 239 Figure 23 : Forensic science awareness among police, as viewed by Central forensic establishments 240 Tables Table 1 : Turnaround times effected in the year 2009 by Central Forensic Science Laboratories 13 vi Table 2 : Turnaround times effected in the year 2009 by the Government examiners of Questioned Documents 14 Table 3 : Cases examined (2005-2009) / cases pending (as of Dec 31, 2009) at Central Forensic Science Laboratories 15 Table 4 : Cases examined (2005-2009) / cases pending (as of Dec 31, 2009) at Government examiners of Questioned Documents 16 Table 5 : Infrastructure ready reckoner on Central forensic establishments 20 Table 6 : Staff position at Central forensic establishments 22 Table 7 : Activity grid of NICFS, Vide Calendars of courses for 2009 and 2010-2011 105 Table 8 : Bird s eye view of capricious forensic education in India 26 Table 9 : Some forensic logistics, as viewed by Central forensic establishments 80 Table 10.

7 Indian Forensics - - - malady and remedy, as viewed by senior / retired forensic scientists 81 Table 11 : Views of forensic medicine professionals / departments / institutes 108 Table 12 : Views of Finger Print Bureaux (FPB) 109 Table 13 : Views of Chemical Examiner, Thiruvananthapuram (Kerala) and Serologist & Chemical Examiner, Kolkata 110 Table 14 : National Institute of Criminology & Forensic Science (NICFS) - - - Staff position (Forensic Science) 114 vii Table 15 : National Institute of Criminology & Forensic Science (NICFS) - - - Staff position (Criminology) 114 Table 16 : Human resource related problems and needs highlighted by the Central forensic and allied establishments 116 Table 17 : Synergonomics of Indian forensics, as viewed by Central forensic establishments 120 Table 18 : Space requirement of Central Forensic Science Laboratories 147 Table 19 : Space requirement of Government examiners of Questioned Documents 148 Table 20.

8 Equipments available with, and, needed by Central Forensic Science Laboratories 149 Table 21 : Equipments available with, and, needed by Government examiners of Questioned Documents 155 Table 22 : Library expenditure of Central Forensic Science Laboratories (2005-2009) 158 Table 23 : Library expenditure of Government examiners of Questioned Documents (2005-2009) 158 Table 24 : Library - - - Indian and international journals being subscribed by Central forensic establishments 159 Table 25 : Gross observation on forensic GLP at Central Forensic Science Laboratories 166 Table 26 : Gross observation on forensic GLP with the Government examiners of Questioned Documents 167 Table 27 : Scene of crime / occurrence (SOC) - study by 168 viii Central Forensic Science Laboratories Table 28 : Scene of crime / occurrence (SOC) - study by Government examiners of Questioned Documents 168 Table 29.

9 Standard operating procedures at Central Forensic Science Laboratories 170 Table 30 : Standard operating procedures of Government examiners of Questioned Documents 171 Table 31 : Inconclusive finding reported by Central Forensic Science Laboratories (2005-2009) 172 Table 32 : Inconclusive finding reported by Government examiners of Questioned Documents (2005-2009) 173 Table 33 : Instances