Practical Antenna Handbook - EA1URO

1 PracticalAntennaHandbook1376860_FM_Carr 4/10/01 4:57 PM Page iOther Books by Joseph J. CarrDC Power SuppliesOld Time Radios! Restoration and RepairSecrets of RF Circuit Design1376860_FM_Carr 4/10/01 4:57 PM Page iiPracticalAntennaHandbookFourth EditionJoseph J. CarrMcGraw-HillNew York Chicago San Francisco Lisbon LondonMadrid Mexico City Milan New Delhi San Juan SeoulSingapore Sydney Toronto1376860_FM_Carr 4/10/01 4:57 PM Page iii Copyright 2001 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher.

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3 TERMS OF USE This is a copyrighted work and The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. ( McGraw-Hill ) and its licensors reserve all rights in and to the work. Use of this work is subject to these terms. Except as permitted under the Copyright Act of 1976 and the right to store and retrieve one copy of the work, you may not decompile, disassemble, reverse engineer, reproduce, modify, create derivative works based upon, transmit, distribute, disseminate, sell, publish or sublicense the work or any part of it without McGraw-Hills prior consent. You may use the work for your own noncommercial and personal use; any other use of the work is strictly prohibited. Your right to use the work may be terminated if you fail to comply with these terms.

4 THE WORK IS PROVIDED AS IS. McGRAW-HILL AND ITS LICENSORS MAKE NO GUARANTEES OR WARRANTIES AS TO THE ACCURACY, ADEQUACY OR COMPLETENESS OF OR RESULTS TO BE OBTAINED FROM USING THE WORK, INCLUDING ANY INFORMATION THAT CAN BE ACCESSED THROUGH THE WORK VIA HYPERLINK OR OTHERWISE, AND EXPRESSLY DISCLAIM ANY WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. McGraw-Hill and its licensors do not warrant or guarantee that the functions contained in the work will meet your requirements or that its operation will be uninterrupted or error free. Neither McGraw-Hill nor its licensors shall be liable to you or anyone else for any inaccuracy, error or omission, regardless of cause, in the work or for any damages resulting therefrom.

5 McGraw-Hill has no responsibility for the content of any information accessed through the work. Under no circumstances shall McGraw-Hill and/or its licensors be liable for any indirect, incidental, special, punitive, consequential or similar damages that result from the use of or inability to use the work, even if any of them has been advised of the possibility of such damages. This limitation of liability shall apply to any claim or cause whatsoever whether such claim or cause arises in contract, tort or otherwise. DOI: DedicationDedicated in memoriam to Johnnie Harper Thorne, K4 NFU:a friend and colleague for nearly 30 years who is sorely missed. Johnnie was a genius who knew some real smoke about antennas.

6 Killed by a drunk driver.. From the PublisherThe fourth edition of this book is published in memory of Joe Carr who passed away shortly after completing his manuscript. Joe was a valuable member of the McGraw-Hill family of authors and the electronics community as a whole. He will be missed by us L. GrilloEditor-in-Chiefv1376860_FM_Carr 4/10/01 4:57 PM Page vThis page intentionally left blankContentsIntroduction to the Fourth Editionix1 Introduction to Radio Broadcasting and Communications12 Radio-wave Propagation53 Transmission Lines594 The Smith Chart955 Fundamentals of Radio Antennas1236 High-Frequency Dipole and Other Doublet Antennas1417 Vertically Polarized HF Antennas1738 Multiband and Tunable-Wire Antennas2039 Longwire Directional Antennas21310 Hidden and Limited-Space Antennas23111 Directional Phased Vertical Antennas24512 Directional Beam Antennas255vii1376860_FM_Carr 4/10/01 4.

7 57 PM Page vii13 Antennas for Shortwave Reception27114 Large Wire Loop Antennas28715 Small Loop Receiving Antennas29916 Small Transmitting Loop Antennas31917 Antenna Modeling Software32718 VHF/UHF Transmitting and Receiving Antennas33919 Microwave Waveguides and Antennas36920 Antenna Noise Temperature41721 Antennas for Radio Astronomy42122 Adjusting, Installing, and Troubleshooting Antennas and Transmission Lines43323 Antennas for Radio Direction Finding (RDF)43924 Impedence Matching in Antenna Systems45725 Mobile, Emergency, Portable, and Marine Antennas47926 Antennas for Low-Frequency Operation50127 Measurement and Adjustment Techniques51528 General Antenna Mechanical Construction Techniques54329 Grounding the Antenna : What Is a Good Ground?

8 573 Index583viiiContentsMcGraw-Hill Terms of UseIntroduction tothe fourth editionIT WAS WITH GREAT PLEASURE THATIWROTE THIS FOURTH EDITION OFPRACTICALA ntenna Handbook . The original intent when the first edition was planned was toprovide the reader with a Practical , yet theoretical, book that could be used withonly a minimal effort to actually design and install radio antennas. It was assumedthat the readership would possess a wide range of levels of Antenna sophistication,from the novice newbie to the professional engineer. That assumption proved to becorrect as I have received letters from a wide variety of success of the three previous editions of Practical Antenna Handbookhasbeen most gratifying.

9 Clerks in radio stores told me that this book was outsellingother titles 2:1. They confirmed that the types of people who buy the book meet theprofile above. It was with surprise and delight that I noted that clerks in one radiostore could cite the McGraw-Hill catalog number from memory, when they could notdo that for other Antenna the sales are deeply appreciated (they are an honor), there was one com-ment that stood out. The salesman at one radio store introduced me to an instructorfrom a Government communications school. He typically bought twenty copiesofPractical Antenna Handbookat a time for use by his students in a training told me that the reason why he selected my book over others was.

10 It s the onlybook on the marketthat people can give to a secretary, or clerk-typist, and expectthem to be able to put up a working half-wavelength dipole two hours later. And, hestated, in his business that could literally happen any 4/10/01 4:57 PM Page ixAntennas have changed a lot over the years. Figure I-1 shows how antennaswere between 1913 and 1940. This facility was the first Navy radio station(NAA) in Arlington, two 600- and 400-ft towers were taken down in 1940to make room for National Airport (Washington, ). The towers were reassem-bled in Annapolis, MD, where they lasted until technology has changed since 1940.