PRENTICE HALL SCIENCE EXPLORER Grade 8 - Weebly

1 780130587084900001 ISBN 0-13-058708-7 PRENTICE HALLSCIENCEEXPLORERPRENTICE HALLSCIENCEEXPLORERG rade 8 Grade 8 Grade 8 Guided Reading and Study WorkbookGuided Reading and Study workbook Promotes active reading and enhances students study skills using innovative questioning strategies and exercises linked to the student text Builds a record of students work to use as a studyaid for quizzes and tests Provides a wide range of question formats for every section of the text to reach a wide variety of learners Gives parents a handy resource to help studentsstudy and learn Promotes active reading and enhances students study skills using innovative questioning strategies and exercises linked to the student text Builds a record of students work to use as a studyaid for quizzes and tests Provides a wide range of question formats for every section of the text to reach a wide variety of learners Gives parents a handy resource to help studentsstudy and learnGUIDEDREADING ANDSTUDYWORKBOOKG rade 8 SCIENCEEXPLORERGUIDEDREADING ANDSTUDYWORKBOOKG rade 8 See us on the HallPRENTICE HALLG rade 8 Guided ReadingandStudy WorkbookStudent EditionNeedham, MassachusettsUpper Saddle River, New JerseyGlenview, IllinoisGrade 8 GSW-8_FM-SE/FNL 5/9/01 11:17 PM Page iCopyright by PRENTICE - hall , Inc.

2 , Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458. All rights in the United States of America. This publication is protected by copyright, and permissionshould be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrievalsystem, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording,or likewise. Student worksheets and tests may be duplicated for classroom use, the number not toexceed the number of students in each class. Notice of copyright must appear on all copies. Forinformation regarding permissions(s), write to: Rights and Permissions 0-13-058708-7 GSW-8_FM-SE/FNL 5/23/02 3:08 PM Page ii 24 25 26 27 28 29 (V016) 14 13 12 11 SCIENCE EXPLORER Grade 8 Guided Reading and Study Workbookiii PRENTICE - hall , Is SCIENCE ?

3 1 Chapter 1 Chemical Interactions ..51-1 Inside an Atom ..51-2 The Periodic Table ..71-3 Observing Chemical Reactions ..111-4 Writing Chemical Equations ..131-5 Controlling Chemical Reactions ..17 Chapter 2 Exploring Properties of Materials ..212-1 Polymers and Composites ..212-2 Metals and Alloys ..242-3 Ceramics and Glass ..272-4 Radioactive Elements ..28 Chapter 3 Motion and Energy ..333-1 Motion ..333-2 Temperature and Thermal Energy ..373-3 The Nature of Heat ..393-4 Thermal Energy and States of Matter ..42 Chapter 4 Characteristics of Waves ..474-1 What Are Waves? ..474-2 Properties of Waves ..494-3 Interactions of Waves ..524-4 Seismic Waves ..56 Chapter 5 Sound Waves ..615-1 The Nature of Sound Waves.

4 615-2 Properties of Sound Waves ..635-3 Combining Sound Waves ..655-4 How You Hear Sound Waves ..685-5 Applications of Sound Waves ..69 Chapter 6 The ElectromagneticSpectrum ..736-1 The Nature of Electromagnetic Waves ..736-2 Waves of the Electromagnetic Spectrum ..756-3 Generating Visible Light Waves ..786-4 Wireless Communication ..81 Chapter 7 Light Waves ..857-1 Wave Reflection and Mirrors ..857-2 Wave Refraction and Lenses ..877-3 Color ..897-4 Seeing Light Waves ..917-5 Using Light ..93 Chapter 8 Characteristics of the Universe ..978-1 Tools of Modern Astronomy ..978-2 Characteristics of Stars ..1008-3 Lives of Stars ..1038-4 Star Systems and Galaxies ..1068-5 History of the Universe ..108 Chapter 9 Plate Tectonics.

5 1119-1 Earth s Interior ..1119-2 Convection Currents and the Mantle ..1149-3 Drifting Continents ..1169-4 Sea-Floor Spreading ..1189-5 The Theory of Plate Tectonics ..1209-6 Changing Earth s Surface ..122 Chapter 10 Minerals ..12710-1 Properties of Minerals ..12710-2 How Minerals Form ..13010-3 Mineral Resources ..132 Chapter 11 Rocks ..13711-1 Classifying Rocks ..13711-2 Igneous Rocks ..14011-3 Sedimentary Rocks ..14211-4 Metamorphic Rocks ..14711-5 The Rock Cycle ..149 Chapter 12 Land and Soil Resources ..15312-1 Conserving Land and Soil ..15312-2 Solid Waste ..15812-3 Hazardous Wastes ..161 Table of ContentsGSW-8_FM-SE/FNL 5/23/02 3:08 PM Page iii PRENTICE - hall , OF CONTENTS(continued)ivGuided Reading and Study WorkbookScience EXPLORER Grade 8 PRENTICE - hall , 13 Air and Water Resources.

6 16513-1 Air Pollution ..16513-2 The Water Supply ..16913-3 Finding Pollution Solutions ..171 Chapter 14 The Oceans ..17514-1 Exploring the Ocean ..17514-2 Tides and the Lunar Cycle ..17814-3 Life at the Ocean s Edge ..18114-4 The Neritic Zone and Open Ocean ..18414-5 Resources From the Ocean ..187 Chapter 15 Climate and ClimateChange ..19115-1 What Causes Climate? ..19115-2 Climate Regions ..19415-3 Long-Term Changes in Climate ..19715-4 Global Changes in the Atmosphere ..200 Chapter 16 Genetics: The SCIENCE of Heredity ..20516-1 Mendel s Work ..20516-2 Probability and Genetics ..20816-3 The Cell and Inheritance ..21116-4 The DNA Connection ..213 Chapter 17 Modern Genetics ..21717-1 Human Inheritance.

7 21717-2 Human Genetic Disorders ..21917-3 Advances in Genetics ..222 Chapter 18 Change Over Time ..22518-1 Darwin s Voyage ..22518-2 The Fossil Record ..22818-3 Other Evidence of Change ..232 Chapter 19 Interdependence in Living Systems ..23519-1 Interactions in the Human Body ..23519-2 Equilibrium and Feedback ..23819-3 Interactions Among Living Things ..241 GSW-8_FM-SE/FNL 5/9/01 11:17 PM Page ivScience EXPLORER Grade 8 Guided Reading and Study workbook 1 PRENTICE - hall , _____Date _____Class _____WHATISSCIENCE?(pages 10-19)This section describes the skills that scientists use in their work. It also explains howscientists test possible explanations for what they have (page 10) is SCIENCE ?

8 Term for the many ways in which scientists study the world aroundthem is .Thinking Like A Scientist (pages 10 15) are four skills used by scientists? the letter of the term that involves using one or more of the fivesenses to gather usually lead to .GSW-8_00/FNL 5/9/01 10:47 PM Page 12 Guided Reading and Study WorkbookScience EXPLORER Grade 8 PRENTICE - hall , _____Date _____Class is a hypothesis? the table about Is SCIENCE ?(continued)VariablesTypeAlternat ive NameDefinitionManipulated variableResponding do scientists do to make sure that changes in the manipulated variable are causing the changes in the responding variable? investigation in which all variables except one remain constant is called a(n) . are data?

9 Do scientists take measurements in a standard way? system of measurement scientists use is called the . the end of an experiment, what does the conclusion state? model that imitates a real-world situation is called a(n).GSW-8_00/FNL 5/9/01 10:47 PM Page 2 SCIENCE EXPLORER Grade 8 Guided Reading and Study workbook 3 PRENTICE - hall , _____Date _____Class are two ways that scientists communicate with one another? Scientific Laws and Theories (page 16) is a scientific law? well-tested idea that explains and connects a wide range ofobservations is a(n) . happens when a scientific theory is contradicted by new evidence?Laboratory Safety (page 16) are two reasons that following safe laboratory practices is a goodidea?

10 Branches of SCIENCE (page 18) are the four main branches of SCIENCE ? person who studies the chemicals found in air, soil, and water is a(n) .Technology and the Internet (page 19) modern scientific equipment is connected to ,which allow scientists to record, store, and analyze 5/9/01 10:47 PM Page 34 Guided Reading and Study WorkbookScience EXPLORER Grade 8 PRENTICE - hall , _____Date _____Class _____WordWiseComplete the sentences by using one of the scrambled terms Banknoitvarseboeeiccnsecnerefnisisthepoy heicnstfiic rthoeyaadtgniondpsre lebaaivreicnstfiic walaiuaedtlpnm variable that a scientist changes during an experiment is the . logical interpretation based on observations or prior knowledge is a(n).