Production of Aspartic Acid-A Short Review

1 International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) Volume 45 Number 6 - March 2017. Production of Aspartic Acid-A Short Review kumar1, , 1. II/IV Bioechnology Students1,2, Dept. of Biotechnology, GIT, GITAM. 2. Associate Professor3, Biotechnology, GIT, Gitam. ABSTRACT: generated from ornithine and citruline in the urea cycle. Aspartic acid is also known as aspartate, is an alpha Aspartate also participates in gluconeogenesis. amino acid that is used in biosynthesis of is Aspartic acid acts as a hydrogen acceptor in a chain of used as artificial sweetener in the form of aspartame.

2 It ATP synthase is prepared using fungal species like Aspergillusniger. There have been various attempts to produce Aspartic BIOSYNTHESIS OF Aspartic acid : acid efficiently from inexpensive raw materials1. Aspartic acid can be synthesized by two different INTRODUCTION: reactions, both of which involve a substrate that is a participant in the tricarboxylic acid cycle. It can be Aspartic acid abbreviated as ASP or D; is encoded by obtained by transamination of oxaloacetic acid with the codons GAU AND GAC also known as aspartate is glutamic acid , whose biosynthesis will be examined an alpha amino acid obtained as a product of the below.

3 Hydrolysis of acid was first discovered in 1827 by AUGUSTE-ARTHUR COOH-CH2-COCOOH+COOH-(CH2)2-CH(NH2)- PLISSON and isolated in 1868 from legumin in plant COOH. seeds and from asparagus juice. Aspartic acid is not an essential amino acid , which means that it can be COOH-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH+COOH-CH2-CH2-CO- synthesized from central metabolic pathway in humans COOH. ( ;) they can synthesize it from oxaloacetic acid formed in the metabolism of carbohydrates and do not During the past 80 years the following methods for require dietary sources. There are two forms or synthesizing Aspartic acid have been reported; the enantiomers of Aspartic acid .

4 The name Aspartic acid decomposition of acid ammonium malate by heat , the can refer to either enantiomer or a mixture of two. Of racemization of active Aspartic acid , and active these two forms only one L- Aspartic acid , is directly asparagine , the reaction of maleic and fumaric acids incorporated in to proteins. The biological roles of its with ammonia in a closed tube ,the reduction of counterpart, D- Aspartic acid are more limited. Most oxaloacetic ester oxime , the reduction of silver chemical synthesis will produce both forms, DL- fumarate by hydroxylamine hydrochloride , the Aspartic acid known as a racemicmixture.

5 It can also be reduction of nitrosuccinic ester3 etc , Amphoteric (react as acidic and basic). Uses of Aspartic acid ;. Aspartic acid , which is available in all protein foods, forms aspartame when it's combined with phenylalanine (another amino acid )4. Aspartame is the commonly used artificial sweetener that can be a mild irritant to the nervous system5. Doctors don't recommend Aspartic acid supplements for regular use, especially for children who generally have CHEMICAL STRUCTURE OF Aspartic acid ; more sensitive nervous system6. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF Aspartic acid : Key uses of Aspartic acid : State is colourless.

6 Clinicians include Aspartic acid in some natural Crystal in form. programs for depression and immune function. Soluble in water. Aspartic acid aids in energy Production from Insoluble in ether. carbohydrates and in RNA and DNA formation. Aspartic acid is optically active. ISSN: 2231-5381 Page 254. International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) Volume 45 Number 6 - March 2017. Aspartic acid aids in liver detoxification from DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS; either as Aspartic acid drugs and chemicals. itself or salts (such as magnesium aspartate).8. Aspartic acid increases resistance to fatigue.

7 Synthesis of Aspartic acid : APPLICATIONS OF Aspartic acid : ORGANISMS THAT PRODUCE Aspartic . acid Aspartic acid in food Production : Several organisms such as Pseudomonas fluorescens, Aspartic acid is widely used as nutritional Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus supplement and flavor enhancer in food megatherium, Proteus vulgaris, Escherichia: coli, and Production . Aerobacteraerogenes, were found to be suitable for the In food industries Aspartic acid is used to Production of Aspartic acid6. regulate the acidity and sweetness9. Production OF Aspartic acid BY Aspartic acid in Beverage: FERMENTATION.

8 Aspartic acid is widely used as nutritional A one-phase process for the fermentative Production of supplement in beverages. L- Aspartic acid in a medium containing fumaric acid Used in cool drinks to provide nutrition. and ammonia was developed by ichiro Aspartic acid is widely used as intermediate chibato,Toyonako and masahikokisumi in in pharmaceuticals as an intermediate in polyacrylamide, glucose, Fumaric acid , Maleic acid , medicine manufacture10. Hydrocarbons, were used by different workers. Organisms such as , Brevibacterium, Bacillus Aspartic acid in Cosmetics: and Pseudomonas were extensively used for the fermentative Production of Aspartic acid .

9 A biochemical Aspartic acid is used as Biodegradability in process of Aspartic acid Production has been reported cosmetics11. from fumaric acid by transmination with the enzymes Aspartic acid in Agriculture/Animal Feed: of is also known that small amounts of It is used as nutritional supplement in fertilizer Aspartic acid is produced from hydrocarbons or ethanol to improve use efficiency12. by culturing with wild strain of the genus It is also used in manufacturing of various Brevibacterium or corynebacterium7. organic chemicals. DIETARY SOURCES OF Aspartic SIDEEFFECTS OF Aspartic acid : acid .

10 Aspartic acid may cause certain side effects ANIMAL SOURCES; oysters, luncheon meats, sausage such as enhanced libido (some people meats, wild game. consider this a side effect), elevated aggression levels, , larger appetite, and VEGETABLE SOURCES; sprouting seeds, oat flakes, increased hair asparagus, young sugarcane and molasses from sugar beets. Survey of Literature was Depicted in Tabular form: SUBSTRATE ORGANISM YIELD YEAR REFERENCE. 1. Maleic acid . Pseudomonas aeroginosa 1963 (14). 2. Fumaric aicd and ammonia Pseudomonas fluorescens, 1965 (15). pseudomonas aeroginosa 3. Fumaric acid and ammonia Pseudomonas trifolli More than 35% 1965 (16).