PRODUCTS HANDBOOK Structural Steel

1 CONTINENTAL Steel PTE LTD 100 Gul Circle, Singapore 629586. Phone: (65) 68620033 Facs: (65) 68616448/68624006. Website: PPRROODDUUCCTTSS HHAANNDDBBOOOOKK Structural Steel Subsidiary Companies: Continental Hardware (M) Sdn Bhd Viewforth Trading and Engineering Pte Ltd Conblast Industries Pte Ltd January 2000 CONTENTS CONTINENTAL Steel PTE LTD The Company Profile _____ 1 Services _____ 2 Explanatory Notes General information _____ 5 Introduction _____ 5 Materials _____ 6 Manufacturing tolerances _____ 6 Section properties _____ 7 Dimensional units _____ 10 Mass and force units _____ 10 Comparison between general Structural Steel specifications _____ 11 Specifications and chemical composition _____ 11 Comparison between grades in EN 10025:1993 and BS 4360.

2 1986 _____ 11 Comparison between hot finished and cold formed hollow sections _____ 12 Introduction _____ 12 Specifications_____ 12 Manufacture of hollow sections _____ 13 Section properties _____ 14 Structural performance _____ 15 Compression resistance _____ 15 Web bearing and buckling _____ 16 Tension, shear and bending _____ 16 Summary _____ 16 Fire resistance_____ 17 Externally protected columns_____ 17 Internally protected columns _____ 17 Cost comparisons _____ 18 Universal Beams and columns General_____ 19 Metric sizes _____ 20 Imperial sizes_____ 26 Castellated Beams Section sizes _____ 41 Structural Tees General_____ 45 Metric sizes _____ 46 Imperial sizes_____ 50 Bearing Piles General_____ 59 CONTENTS CONTINENTAL Steel PTE LTD Metric sizes _____ 60 Imperial sizes_____ 62 Hot Finished Ellipcon Sections General_____ 65 Ellipcon sections_____ 66 Semi Ellipcon sections _____ 67 Super Hot columns General_____ 69 Product specifications _____ 69 Chemical

3 Composition _____ 69 Mechanical properties _____ 70 Charpy impact property _____ 70 Manufacturing tolerances _____ 70 Section sizes _____ 72 Hot Finished Hollow Sections General_____ 75 Comparable specifications _____ 75 Product specifications _____ 76 Chemical composition _____ 76 Mechanical properties _____ 76 Tensile test _____ 76 Charpy V-notch impact test _____ 76 Manufacturing tolerances _____ 77 Other specifications _____ 78 Circular sections _____ 79 Square sections _____ 84 Rectangular sections _____ 88 Cold Formed Hollow Sections General_____ 91 Comparable specifications _____ 91 Product specifications _____ 92 Chemical composition _____ 92 Mechanical properties _____ 92 Tensile test _____ 92 Charpy V-notch impact test _____ 92 Manufacturing tolerances _____ 93 Other specifications _____ 93 Circular sections _____ 94 Square sections _____ 97 CONTENTS CONTINENTAL Steel PTE LTD Rectangular sections _____ 102 Channels Tapered Flange _____ 107 Metric sizes _____ 107 Imperial sizes _____ 108 Parallel Flange_____ 109 Purlins General_____ 111 Introduction _____ 111 Material specifications _____ 111 Storage and handling_____ 112 Purlin selection tables for roofing application _____ 112 Holing and cleating for C Purlins_____114 Plain Channels_____ 115 Lipped Channels_____116 High-Tensile Galvanised C Purlins _____ 119

4 High-Tensile Galvanised Z Purlins _____ 120 Angles Equal Angles_____121 Unequal Angles_____123 Bars Flat Bars_____125 Square Bars_____127 Deformed and Round Bars_____128 Plates Product specifications _____ 129 Main specifications _____ 129 List of standard specifications _____ 130 Mild Steel Plates _____ 134 Chequered Plates _____ 135 Pipes JIS G3452 (1988) SGP _____ 137 BS 1387 (1985)_____ 138 API 5L (1991) and ASTM A53 (1997) _____ 140 Chemical composition _____ 140 Mechanical properties _____ 140 Section sizes _____ 141 CONTENTS CONTINENTAL Steel PTE LTD Steel Sheet Piles to EN 10248 (1996) General_____ 153 Product specifications _____ 153 Mechanical properties _____ 153 Recommended working stresses for Steel sheet piling _____ 154 Effective life _____ 154 Splices _____ 154 LX & Larssen Sheet Piling _____ 155 Dimensions and sectional properties_____ 155 Interlocking options _____ 155 Dimensional tolerances _____ 156 Recommended maximum lengths for driving _____ 156 LX & Larssen Box Piles _____ 156 Frodingham Straight Web Sections _____ 157 Dimensions and sectional properties_____ 157 Dimensional tolerances _____ 157 Other Steel Sheet Piles PU Steel Sheet Piles _____ 159 Mechanical properties _____ 159 Dimensions and sectional properties_____ 159 Interlocking

5 Options _____ 160 Dimensional tolerances _____ 160 Handling holes and double piles _____ 160 KSP Steel Sheet Piles _____ 161 Mechanical properties _____ 161 Dimensions and sectional properties_____ 161 Interlocking options _____ 162 Dimensional tolerances _____ 162 Recommended maximum lengths for driving _____ 162 KSP Straight Web Sections _____ 163 Mechanical properties _____ 163 Dimensions and sectional properties_____ 163 Dimensional tolerances _____ 164 Gratings General_____ 165 Sizes _____ 165 Appendix Conversion factors _____ 167 CONTENTS CONTINENTAL Steel PTE LTD List of Tables Note: Section tables are not numbered and put in the list, except from High-Tensile Galvanised C and Z Purlins, Mild Steel Plates, Chequered Plates, API 5L (1991) and ASTM A53 (1997) pipes, Steel Sheet Piles to EN 10248:1996 and Other Steel Sheet Piles.

6 Table 1 Comparison between general Structural Steel specifications _____ 11 Table 2 Comparison between grades in EN 10025:1993 and BS 4360:1986 _____ 11 Table 3 Conditions for welding cold-deformed zones and adjacent material _____ 15 Table 4 Fire resistance: Cost comparison universal columns vs. circular hollows ____ 18 Table 5 Fire resistance: Cost comparison universal columns vs. rectangular hollows _ 18 Table 6 Universal Beams and columns : Standard specifications _____ 19 Table 7 Structural Tees: Standard specifications_____ 45 Table 8 Bearing Piles: Standard specifications _____ 59 Table 9 Super Hot columns : Chemical composition _____ 69 Table 10 Super Hot columns : Mechanical properties _____ 70 Table 11 Super Hot columns : Charpy impact properties _____ 70 Table 12 Super Hot columns : Tolerances on outside corner radius _____ 70 Table 13 Super Hot columns : Other tolerances _____ 71 Table 14 Hot Finished Hollow Sections: Comparable specifications _____ 75 Table 15 Hot Finished Hollow Sections.

7 Mechanical properties_____ 76 Table 16 Hot Finished Hollow Sections: Manufacturing tolerances _____ 77 Table 17 Cold Formed Hollow Sections: Comparable specifications_____ 91 Table 18 Cold Formed Hollow Sections: Mechanical properties _____ 92 Table 19 Cold Formed Hollow Sections: Manufacturing tolerances _____ 93 Table 20 Purlins: Material specifications and tolerances _____ 111 Table 21 Purlins: Tolerances on length and thickness _____ 112 Table 22 High-Tensile Galvanised Purlins: Mechanical properties/Tolerances _____ 112 Table 23 High-Tensile Galvanised Purlins: Purlin selection table 1 _____ 113 Table 24 High-Tensile Galvanised Purlins: Purlin selection table 2 _____ 113 Table 25 High-Tensile Galvanised Purlins: Cleat holes position _____ 114 Table 26 High-Tensile Galvanised C-Purlins: Section sizes _____ 119 Table 27 High-Tensile Galvanised Z-Purlins: Section sizes _____ 120 Table 28 Plates: List of standards specifications _____ 133 Table 29 Plates: Sizes of Mild Steel Plates _____ 135 Table 30 Plates: Sizes of Chequered Plates _____ 135 Table 31 API 5L and ASTM A53 Pipes: Chemical composition _____ 140 Table 32 API 5L and ASTM A53 Pipes: Mechanical properties _____ 140 Table 33 API 5L and ASTM A53pipes: Section sizes _____ 151 Table 34 Steel Sheet Piles to EN 10248 (1996).

8 Mechanical properties _____ 153 Table 35 Steel Sheet Piles to EN 10248 (1996): Recommended working stresses _____ 154 Table 36 LX & Larssen Sheet Piling: Section sizes and properties _____ 155 Table 37 LX & Larssen Sheet Piling: Interlocking options _____ 155 Table 38 LX & Larssen Sheet Piling: Dimensional tolerances_____ 156 Table 39 LX & Larssen Sheet Piling: Recommended maximum lengths for driving_____ 156 Table 40 Frodingham Straight Web Sections: Section sizes_____ 157 Table 41 Frodingham Straight Web Sections: Dimensional tolerances _____ 157 Table 42 PU Steel Sheet Piles: Section sizes _____ 159 Table 43 PU Steel Sheet Piles: Interlocking options _____ 160 Table 44 PU Steel Sheet Piles: Dimensional tolerances _____ 160 CONTENTS CONTINENTAL Steel PTE LTD Table 45 KSP Steel Sheet Piles: Mechanical properties _____ 161 Table 46 KSP Steel Sheet Piles: Section sizes and properties _____ 161 Table 47 KSP Steel Sheet Piles: Interlocking options _____ 162 Table 48 KSP Steel Sheet Piles: Dimensional tolerances _____ 162 Table 49 KSP Straight Web Sections: Mechanical properties _____ 163 Table 50 KSP Straight Web Sections: Section sizes and properties _____ 163 Table 51 KSP Straight Web Sections: Interlocking strength _____ 163 Table 52 KSP Straight Web Sections.

9 Dimensional tolerances _____ 164 Table 53 Gratings: Sizes _____ 165 List of Figures Note: Drawings from section tables are not numbered and put in this list, except from High-Tensile Galvanised C and Z Purlins, Mild Steel Plates, Chequered Plates, API 5L (1991) and ASTM A53 (1997) pipes, Steel Sheet Piles to EN 10248:1996 and Other Steel Sheet Piles. Figure 1 Effect of cold working on material properties for cold formed hollow sections _ 14 Figure 2 Comparison of corner radius of hot finished and cold formed hollow sections _ 14 Figure 3 Compression/Slenderness curves for columns_____ 16 Figure 4 Universal Beams and columns : Section shapes_____ 19 Figure 5 Structural Tees: Section shapes _____ 45 Figure 6 Bearing Piles.

10 Section shape _____ 59 Figure 7 Twist of square or rectangular hollow sections _____ 78 Figure 8 How to measure cross-sectional dimensions of hollow sections _____ 78 Figure 9 C and Z Purlins _____ 111 Figure 10 Holing and cleats for C purlins _____ 114 Figure 11 Cleat hole size for SC 150 and SC 200 series_____ 114 Figure 12 Hole positioning for cleats with 8mm thickness _____ 114 Figure 13 LX & Larssen sheet piling: Dimensions _____ 155 Figure 14 LX & Larssen box pile_____ 156 Fig