PROGRAM MODULE 1 - Mapúa University

1 MAP A INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY RESERVE OFFICER TRAINING CORPS MAP A INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY RESERVE OFFICER TRAINING CORPS MAP A INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM RESERVE OFFICER TRAINING CORPS [MAP A-ROTC] PROGRAM MODULE 1 MAP A INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY RESERVE OFFICER TRAINING CORPS MAP A INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY RESERVE OFFICER TRAINING CORPS THE MAP A-ROTC OFFICE ENGR. JOYRENCE MERVIN Q. AGAS Director, Headquarters, NSTP and the MAP A-ROTC Unit LT COL MELECIO Y. CASTILLO MAP A-ROTC Commandant 2LT MERVIN P TONGCUA MAP A-ROTC Tactical Officer 2LT WILLY BIADDANG MAP A-ROTC Tactical Officer TSG RONILO R EDURIA MAP A-ROTC Chief Clerk TSG EUSEBIO A MACATBAG MAP A-ROTC Tactical NCO C/LT COL ARIEL JOSEPH MORLA MAP A-ROTC Corps Commander CONTACT DETAILS Department of military Science and Tactics Ground Flr.

2 , West Building Map a Institute of Technology Muralla St. Intramuros, Manila loc. 4104 MAP A INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY RESERVE OFFICER TRAINING CORPS MAP A INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY RESERVE OFFICER TRAINING CORPS CONTENTS PAGE military ORIENTATION Chapter 1: Philippine military History History of the AFP The Homeground Informal military Aspects of the Uprising against Spain Filipinos in Spanish military Arm Service The First Formal Truly Filipino military Organization The Commonwealth Army World War II The Army of the Third Republic The Martial Law Years and the Fourth Republic The Fifth Republic Attempted Coups Pocket Rebellion by military Elements Chapter 2: AFP Core Values Definition of Terms Preamble Chapter 3.

3 military courtesy and Discipline Definition of Terms Correct Use of Titles military Salute Courtesies Rendered by Juniors to Seniors Courtesies to the National Flag and to the National Anthem General courtesy and Discipline Taboos Chapter 4: military Justice military Justice Definition of Terms Persons Subject to military Law Sources of military Law Classification of Courts Martial Components of military Justice Punitive Articles of War Administrative Cases Classes of Discharge Chapter 5: military Leadership Definition of Terms CONTENTS PAGE Basic Responsibilities of a Commander Concept of military Leadership Conceptual Framework of Leadership Theories of Leadership Leadership Traits Techniques of a Good Leadership Principles of Leadership The Leadership Indicators COMBAT TRAINING OF INDIVIDUAL SOLDIERS Chapter 6: Basic Intelligence Definition of Terms Types of military Intelligence Difference between Information and Intelligence Sources of Information Handling of Prisoners of War Handling, Reporting and Evaluation of Captured Enemy Documents Intelligence Operations Terminologies Four Phases of Intelligence Cycle Counter Intelligence Three Major Factors of Evaluation Chapter 7.

4 Basic Map Reading and land Navigation Basic Map Reading and Land Navigation Categories and Uses of military Maps Marginal Information and Symbols Colors used in military Map Ways of Locating Points Chapter 8: Basic Signal Communication Definition of Terms Means of Communication Types of Tactical Radio Sets and Its Characteristics Advantages of Tactical Radio Sets Disadvantages of Tactical Radio Sets Fundamentals of Tactical Radio Communication Phonetic Alphabet MAP A INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY RESERVE OFFICER TRAINING CORPS MAP A INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY RESERVE OFFICER TRAINING CORPS CONTENTS PAGE Numerical Pronunciation Chapter 9: Individual Movement Technique Day and Night Training Cover and Concealment Squad Organization Chapter 10: Basic Unit Formation Infantry Rifle Squad Infantry Rifle Squad Formation Chapter 11: Basic Weapons Training US Rifle M14 M14 Garand Rifle Rifle M16A Hand Grenade Chapter 12.

5 Preparatory Marksmanship Training Definition of Terms The Four Fundamentals of Marksmanship Two Basic Firing Positions Advance Positions Dry Fire Peer Coaching Grouping Rifle Sights and Sight Adjustments Zeroing Effective Rate of Fire Methods of Engaging Moving Targets Technique of Quick Fire Effects of Gravity Effects of Wind Principles of Night Vision Range of Safety Precautions Marksmanship Qualification MAP A INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY RESERVE OFFICER TRAINING CORPS MAP A INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY RESERVE OFFICER TRAINING CORPS military Orientation CHAPTER 1 PHILIPPINE military HISTORY MAP A INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY RESERVE OFFICER TRAINING CORPS MAP A INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY RESERVE OFFICER TRAINING CORPS HISTORY OF THE AFP Filipinos have never been known as militaristic people unlike the Japanese, Germans, Mexicans or Pakistanis, although many historians noted the fact that the early Filipinos were described as warlike.

6 But being warlike is different from being militaristic. In any event, Filipinos, by nature, are non-conformist individuals who are likely to resist regimentation. If forced to do so, we resort to ridiculing the authorities that try to enforce such compliance. This is both a boon and bane to the Filipino character. By being individualistic, we place a higher value on the individual human life and his rights. On the other hand, such an attitude erodes discipline, which is a vital pre-requisite for the evolution of nationhood. When the Spaniards first came to the Philippines on March 16, 1521, they tried to establish dominion over our ancestors. Some of the tribes and chieftains submitted after they were given an impressive demonstration of Spanish firepower.

7 When the Mactan Chieftain Lapu-Lapu refused to pay homage, the Portuguese leader of the Spanish expedition Captain-General Ferdinand Magellan on April 26, Lapu-Lapu and his warriors numbering 1,500 strong defeated the over confident Magellan with his 60 Spanish fusiliers supported by mortar fire, shipborne cannon fire and the presence of 1,500 warriors from Rajah Humabon, although it should be pointed out that Rajah Humabon s warrior did not participate in the battle in accordance with Magellan s order. The latter was killed along with 8 of his men and 4 Christian native auxiliaries while Lapu-Lapu lost at least 15 men. This was the first recorded-armed encounter involving Filipinos. The Spaniards were forced to leave the island when their abuses forced even their friends to abandon them but they came in February 1570 in an expedition under Miguel Lopez de Legazpi and Andres de Urdaneta and Martin de Goiti, who were joined later by Legazpi s grandson, Juan de Salcedo, led by the Spanish forces in subduing one tribe kingdom after another.

8 In 1570 and 1571, De Goiti attacked and destroyed the huge settlements of Maynilad (Manila) under Rajah Sulaiman and Rajah Lakandula, eventually making Manila the capital of the New Spanish Colony of the Philippine Island. In conquering the islands, the Spaniards employed the proven policy of conquer divide rule recruiting warriors from the tribes, they used this to subdue other tribes, repeating the process in other parts of the Archipelago. Ironically, the enlistment of native Filipinos for Spanish service was the first formal military service rendered by Filipinos. An informal military aspect also emerged simultaneously with numerous uprising against Spain. THE HOMEGROUND INFORMAL military ASPECTS OF THE UPRISING AGAINST SPAIN The various uprising against Spain necessitated the formation of military units although there is limited information about them.

9 But it is most likely that these units were formed on geographical or clan basis. Thus villages involved in these uprising formed units of their own commanded by the village leaders or other appointed or elected leaders. These units have sub-units formed according to clans or blood relations. For the most part, they have little training, poorly armed and poorly lacking in tactical leadership, organization and logistical support. The only thing they have was abundant of courage. Because of this shortcoming, the superior arms of the Spaniards and the inability of the different tribes to unite, these uprising failed. One of the few exceptions is the Dagohoy rebellion in Bohol, which lasted for 85 years from 1744 to 1829.

10 Dagohoy rose up against Spaniards when Spanish Jesuit priest refused church burial to his brother who died in the service of the Church. Rallying 3,000 Boholanos, he defeated every expedition that the Spanish authorities in Manila sent against him. Bohol at that time existed as a virtually independent state. Even long after he died, the Boholanos continued the successful resistance against Spain. Looking at these events in hindsight, we can deduce that Dagohoy is more than a charismatic and effective leader. He is also an able organizer, or at least, can motivate others to work in organizing his forces in that way, these were institutionalized such that unto continued to fight effectively long after he died.