Programme of Action - UNFPA

1 Programme of Actionadopted at the International Conference on Population and Development Cairo, 5 13 September 199420th Anniversary Editionincludes Key Actions for Further Implementation of the Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Developmentadopted at the 21st special session of the General Assembly New York, 30 June 2 July 1999foreword BAN Ki-moon Secretary-General United Nationsintroduction Dr. Babatunde Osotimehin Executive Director United Nations Population 13/19/14 2:42 PM Note: The designations employed and the presentation of material in the present publication do not imply the expression of any opinion on the part of the United Nations Population Fund concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or present volume has been edited and consolidated in accordance with United Nations practice and requirements.

2 This edition has been amended to reflect the offi cial withdrawal of reservations by the Governments of Argentina and El 23/19/14 2:42 PMProgramme of Action of the International Conference on Population Development 20th Anniversary Editionisbn 978-0-89714-022-5 Copyright 2014 United Nations Population Fund All rights 33/19/14 2:42 PMForeword ..viiiIntroduction ..xProgramme of Action of the International Conference on Population and DevelopmentI. Preamble ..2II. Principles ..10 III. Interrelationships Between Population, Sustained Economic Growth and Sustainable Development ..16A . Integrating population and development strategies .17B . Population, sustained economic growth and poverty ..20C . Population and environment ..25IV. Gender Equality, Equity and Empowerment Of Women ..28A . Empowerment and status of women ..29B . The girl child ..33C . Male responsibilities and participation.

3 36V. The Family, Its Roles, Rights, Composition and Structure ..38A . Diversity of family structure and composition ..39B . Socio-economic support to the family .. 43/19/14 2:42 PMvVI. Population Growth and Structure ..44A . Fertility, mortality and population growth rates ..45B . Children and youth ..47C . Elderly people ..51D . Indigenous people ..53E . Persons with disabilities ..56 VII. Reproductive Rights and Reproductive Health ..58A . Reproductive rights and reproductive health ..59B . Family planning ..64C . Sexually transmitted diseases and prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ..70D . Human sexuality and gender relations ..72E . Adolescents ..74 VIII. Health, Morbidity and Mortality ..78A . Primary health care and the health-care sector ..79B . Child survival and health ..83C . Women s health and safe motherhood ..86D . Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) 90IX.

4 Population Distribution, Urbanization and Internal Migration ..94A . Population distribution & sustainable development 95B . Population growth in large urban agglomerations .99C . Internally displaced persons .. 53/19/14 2:42 PMviCONTENTSX. International Migration ..104A . International migration and development ..105B . Documented migrants ..109C . Undocumented migrants ..112D . Refugees, asylum-seekers and displaced persons .114XI. Population, Development and Education ..118A . Education, population and sustainable development ..119B . Population information, education and communication ..122 XII. Technology, Research and Development ..130A . Basic data collection, analysis and dissemination .131B . Reproductive health research ..134C . Social and economic research ..138 XIII. National Action ..142A . National policies and plans of Action ..143B . Programme management and human resource development.

5 145C . Resource mobilization and allocation .. 63/19/14 2:42 PMviiXIV. International Cooperation ..156A . Responsibilities of partners in development ..157B . Towards a new commitment to funding population and development ..160XV. Partnership with the Non Governmental Sector ..164A . Local, national and international non-governmental organizations .. 165B . The private sector ..169 XVI. Follow Up to the Conference ..172A . Activities at the national level ..173B . Subregional and regional activities ..177C . Activities at the international level ..178 Notes ..182 Statements and Reservations on the Programme of Action ..186I . Oral statements and reservations on the Programme of Action ..187II . Written statements submitted on the Programme of Action ..194 III . Withdrawal of reservations .. 73/19/14 2:42 PMForewordtwenty years ago, the landmark international conference on population and development put people s rights at the heart of development.

6 It affirmed sexual and reproductive health as a fundamental human right and emphasized that empowering women and girls is key to ensuring the well-being of individuals, families, nations and our world. With the ICPD Programme of Action , governments set out an ambitious agenda to deliver inclusive, equitable and sustainable global development . This agenda has guided policy and helped secure advances in equality and empowerment for women, global health and life expectancy, and education for girls . 83/19/14 2:42 PMixHowever, enormous inequalities remain . At the same time, the world faces new challenges and opportunities related to population growth, changing age structures, rapid urbanization and migration . The new demographic challenges are compounded by growing environmental pressures, including the urgent threat of climate change . Our efforts must also be linked to broader development aims of water and food security, decent jobs and sustainable energy for all.

7 As we work to define a new framework founded on sustainable development, I am confident that the ICPD agenda grounded in principles of equality, rights and dignity will continue to enrich us all .BAN Ki Moon Secretary-General United 93/19/14 2:42 PMas we celebrate the anniversary and the legacy of the 1994 international conference on population and development, and as the international community lays the groundwork for a new global development framework, UNFPA is pleased to issue this 20th anniversary edition of the icpd Programme of Action . Adopted by 179 governments, the ICPD Programme of Action marked a fundamental shift in global thinking on population and development issues . It moved away from a focus on reaching specific demographic targets to a focus on the needs, aspi-rations and rights of individual women and men . The Programme of Action asserted that everyone counts, that the true focus of development policy must be the improvement of individual lives and the measure of progress should be the extent to which we address inequalities.

8 103/19/14 2:42 PMInformed by inputs from participating governments, UN agencies, and intergovernmental and non-gov-ernmental organizations, delegates from all regions and cultures agreed that human rights, including reproductive rights, were fundamental to develop-ment and population concerns . They also recog-nized that empowering women and girls is both the right thing to do and one of the most reliable path-ways to improved well-being for all and sustainable development . This vision, which has been regularly reinforced by successive intergovernmental agree-ments, has driven the work of UNFPA . The ICPD Programme of Action provided a founda-tion for the Millennium Development Goals and has contributed to significant improvements in poverty reduction, health, education and gender equality over the past twenty years . These development gains have not, however, reached everyone and sig-nificant gaps and inequalities remain.

9 UN General Assembly resolution 65/234 recognized that the ICPD agenda remains unfinished and has extended 113/19/14 2:42 PMxiiINTRODUCTIONthe Programme of Action indefinitely . Governments also requested an operational review of implemen-tation of the Programme of Action on the basis of the highest quality data and analysis of the state of population and development that takes into account new challenges and the changing development environment as well as the need for a systematic, comprehensive and integrated approach to pop-ulation and development issues . This review has provided a framework for tackling gaps and barriers in the achievement of the Cairo vision . This Anniversary Edition coincides with the presentation of the Secretary-General s report on a new Framework of Actions for the follow-up to the Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) Beyond 2014.

10 It also comes at a time when the global community is working to define the focus and content of future sustainable development 123/19/14 2:42 PMxiiigoals . Along with the Secretary-General s report, it provides a valuable reminder of the continued relevance of the Programme of Action for those of us who are committed to sustainable development .Delegates in Cairo in 1994 recognized that uni-versal human rights are fundamental to universal development gains; that tackling inequalities and unleashing the human capacity of each and every one of us is not only the means, but also the end we are working towards . Twenty years on, it is our collective duty to translate that vision into a new global development agenda . Let this small book be your guide .Dr. Babatunde Osotimehin Executive Director United Nations Population 133/19/14 2:42 143/19/14 2:42 PMProgramme of Action of the International Conference on Population and DevelopmentAdopted at the International Conference on Population and DevelopmentCairo 5 13 September 153/19/14 2:42 163/19/14 2:42 The 1994 International Conference on Population and Development occurs at a defining moment in the history of international cooperation.