インターネットの大衆化 - Project CaLS

1 Bulletin of Toyohashi Sozo Junior College .. 37. 1997, No. 14, 37-71.. *.. JUNET WIDE Project .. OCN .. WWW, Windows95 . WWW . Windows95 .. WWW.. BBS . CU SeeMe NetMeeting .. WIDE Project IAJ . ) . 38 .. 1995 11 23 Windows95 Windows95 .. CM . Windows95 .. 1969 . ARPANET Advanced Research Project Agency Network 1) .. ARPANET2) . 1983 . ARPANET 3) ARPANET CSNET Computer Science Research Network . 1989 NSF National Science Foundation . ARPANET NSFNET 4) .. NSFNET AUP the Acceptable Use Policy 1991 . CIX Commercial Internet eXchange.

2 5). 1 ARPANET DARPANET. DARPA Defense Advanced Research Project Agency; . MILNET .. 2 ARPANET 2 1 .. 3 MILNET . ARPANET . 4 NSF Merit Merit IBM MCI. T1 . 5 1995 4 NSF NAP. Network Access Point .. 39.. JUNET Japanese University Network WIDE Project Widely Integrated Distributed Environment . 1984 10 6) . 1988 4 WIDE Project . 11 . NOC Network Operation Center WIDE .. WIDE. Project 1 . WIDE Project .. 1993 Internet Association of Japan IAJ . 40 7) .. IIJ .. AT & T Jens Spin . 8) . 1994 .. InfoWeb . NEC NTT PC.

3 1 . WWW . 6 UUCP 300bps JUNET .. 7 1996 IAJ 150 . 2 . 8 1992 11 UUCP 1993 10 InterSpin . IP . 40 .. TV .. 21 . 9) . 10) 1996 1 23 .. a IP . b IP . c . d UUCP . IP . IP . TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol IP c . d UUCP 11) . c . 1 . 12). PPP . d UUCP UUCP. UNIX to UNIX Copy . UUCP .. 9 7 9 7 .. 1 . 50% . 10 3 . 11 .. WWW . ftp, gopher, archie, telnet . 12 Point to Point Protocol IP .. 41.. ASAHI NIFTY Serve BIGLOBE MIX PEOPLE.. TELNET . NetNEWS . NetNEWS . FTP . WWW . Archie . Gopher . whois.

4 Finger . 12 . 1996 . UUCP IP .. a b .. NTT 15Km 1 Mbit/s . 27 6 IP .. 13) 256kbit/s 30. 40 IIJ 2 67 . IP .. 2 1996 7 .. 208 . 14) . IP 207 . IP 161 IP . IP 116 . UUCP 10 . IP .. IP 3 1996 9 YAHOO! Japan . IP . 13 Router IP .. 14 1996 7 1 346 237 .. 42 . IP .. 4 . ISDN 2 1 . LAN . LAN .. BEKKOAME/INTERNET \20,000 \10,000 .. InfoWeb \3,000 \2,000 . 15 .. IIJ \30,000 \2,000 1 25 .. tcp ip \10,000 \1,000 . 100 . \10,000 3 10 . 12 .. DHCP IP .. 15).. IP IP . IP 1996 12 25 NTT . OCN16) . 15 .. ISDN ISDN .. 16 1996 12 25 2.

5 200 .. 43.. OCN OCN . OCN OCN 3 OCN . 128 Kbps 3 8 .. 24 IP .. OCN . 17) OCN . 15 2 300 1 9 . OCN 18) . 19) . NTT OCN . OCN . OCN .. 1 .. World Wide Web WWW CERN European Center for Nuclear Research . 20) WWW . NCSA National Center for Supercomputer Applications WWW MOSAIC . MOSAIC 1993 . Netscape Netscape . WWW . WWW . 1 WWW . 2 HTML Hyper Text Markup Language . 3 . HTTP Hyper Text Transfer Protocol . 4 URL Uniform Resource Locator . 1 WWW WWW . 2 HTML WWW . 17 IP . IP . 18 .. 19 .. 20 Node WWW .. 44 . HTML.

6 HTML .. WWW . HTML.. 3 . HTTP 1 . TCP/IP . WWW .. 4 URL WWW .. HTTP FTP . 2 URL .. WWW WWW.. WWW . WWW GUI Graphical User Interface . GUI .. Windows95 1995 8 11 . IDC Windows95 4 380 1996 . 860 . OS MS-DOS Windows95 GUI . 1995 . 576 96 839 .. 45. 95 DOS/V NEC98 21) Windows95 . OS 8 22) .. 2 . Windows95 .. GUI .. Plus! .. 23) .. 24).. Plus! WWW Internet Explorer IE . com 0332 . edu 0211 2 1995 1 . net 0123 . 1996 7 800 . us 0043 . 5 332 . uk 0058 . com WWW 25) . de 0054 .. jp 0050 . 0419 600 WWW . 1290 . SOURCE.

7 WWW . 21 IDC 1995 2 6 . 22 IDC 1995 2 9 1 51. 2 25 3 24 1 . 23 TCP/IP PPP .. 24 MS-DOS Windows95 . Windows95 .. Windows95 .. 25 1290 5 . 46 . WWW . WWW Netscape Netscape 26) OS WWW . WWW . IE Plus! . IE .. 27) OS .. WWW . Windows95 .. Windows95 . UseNet JUNET .. 21 .. WWW .. 28) .. 26 1996 5 Netscape 84% IE 7% .. 27 Netscape JAVA IE JAVA . Active X . 28 .. 47.. 29). A .. B . C . A 30) .. B .. C .. URL 31) URL .. 32) . 29 1 7 1992 55 . 30 1886 . 1952 . 31 URL . http ftp URL . URL URL: ftp File Transfer Protocol.

8 32 URL .. WWW .. 100 . 10 9 1 .. 48 . URL .. URL . 1 .. 33) .. CD-ROM . IP . IP .. 33 WIPO The World Intellectual Property Organization Diplomatic Conference on Certain Copyright and Neighboring Rights Questions Geneva, December 2 to 20, 1996 .. 8 1996 66 . 1996 269 1996 . 132 426, 1996 143 Craig Joyce [et al.], Copyright Law 3rd ed., MatthewBender 1995, at21 23 .. 49.. 34) . 35) .. 36).. 100 . 37) .. 38) .. 39) .. 34 .. Craig Joyce [et al.], Copyright Law 3rd ed., MatthewBender 1995, at 19 note 30 . 35 1320 1996 164 168.

9 36 426, 1996 180 . 37 . 416, 1996 43 .. 38 . 39 .. 50 . 40) .. 41) .. 40 1 2 3 . 1090 102 1092 43 1093 69 . 1996 1100 46 1996 . 41 ACLU v. Reno, 929 824 ( 1996) Communications Decency Act of 1996 .. 51.. 1995 . 3 31 .. 100 .. 3 .. 1994 1994 6 . 22 42 . 2 1 1 . 1 . 2 1 1 1 .. NIFTY Serve .. 10 .. 45 .. APICNET .. 52 .. The earthquake damage to the city so tremendous .. 1996 02 02 10: 29 .. 1996 05 24 17: 21 . 17 .. 100 .. 55 .. 34 .. NTT .. 53.. 1996 01 27 23: 58 .. 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 . 21 100 . NTT .. 42).. 42 URL=" ".

10 URL=" " .. 54 . 43) 44) .. 45) .. GUI46) .. OS .. LAN . 43 YAHOO! JAPAN .. 14 .. 44 NetNEWS ftp telnet WWW . WWW .. MRTA .. 45 .. 46 .. 55.. 47).. 47 .. 56 . 48) .. 49) .. 50) .. 51) .. WWW .. 48 CU SeeMe NetMeeting . 49 . 50 .. PHP.. 51 .. 57.. ML .. ML . ML .. ML . ML . ML .. URL . WWW .. WWW .. 52) WWW .. WWW .. 52 . 58 .. WWW . CU SeeMe NetMeeting .. BBS .. WWW . WWW . WWW .. 59.. CAI .. CAI .. 53) .. Microsoft CU SeeMe .. NetMeeting .. CU SeeMe .. CU SeeMe .. 53 .. 60 .. LAN .. 61.. PHS .. 62 .. ART . DNC.