PROJECT MKIULTRA, THE CIA'S PROGRAM OF RESEARCH IN ...

1 PROJECT MKIULTRA, THE CIA'S PROGRAM OFRESEARCH IN BEHAVIORAL MODIFICATIONJOINT HEARINGBEFORE THESELECT COMMITTEE ON INTELLIGENCEAND THESUBCOMMITTEE ONHEALTH AND SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHOF THECOMMITTEE ON HUMAN RESOURCESUNITED STATES SENATENINETY-FIFTH CONGRESSFIRST SESSIONAUGUST 3, 1977 Printed for the use of the Select Committee on Intelligenceand Committee on Human ResourcesPROJECT MKULTRA, THE CIA'S PROGRAM OFRESEARCH IN BEHAVIORAL MODIFICATIONJOINT HEARINGBEFORE THESELECT COMMITTEE ON INTELLIGENCEAND THESUBCOMMITTEE ONHEALTH AND SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHOF THECOMMITTEE ON HUMAN RESOURCESUNITED STATES SENATENINETY-FIFTH CONGRESSFIRST SESSIONAUGUST 3, 1977 Printed for the use of the Select Committee on Intelligenceand Committee on Human GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE96-4080 WASHINGTON : 1977 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing OfficeWashington, , 20402 Stock No.

2 052-070-04357-1 SENATE SELECT COMMITTEE ON INTELLIGENCE(Established by S. Res. 400, 94th Cong., 2d sess.)DANIEL K. INOUYE, Hawaii, ChairmanBARRY GOLDWATER, Arizona, Vice ChairmanBIRCH BAYH, Indiana CLIFFORD P. CAISE, New JerseyADLAI E. STEVENSON, Illinois JAKE GARN, UtahWILLIAM D. HATHAWAY, Maine CHARLES MCC. MATHIAS, JR., MarylandWALTER D. HUDDLESTON, Kentucky JAMES B. PEARSON, KansasJOSEPH R. BIDEN, JR., Delaware JOHN H. CHAFEE, Rhode IslandROBERT MORGAN, North Carolina RICHARD G. LUGAR, IndianaGARY HART, Colorado MALCOLM WALLOP, WyomingDANIEL PATRICK MOYNIHAN, New YorkROBERT C. BYRD, West Virginia, Ex Officio H. BAKER, JR., Tennessee, Ex Officio MemberWILLIAM G. MILLER, Staff DirectorEARL D.

3 EISENHOWER, Minority Staff DirectorAUDREY H. HATRY, Chief ClerkCOMMITTEE ON HUMAN RESOURCESHARRISON A. WILLIAMS Ja., New Jersey, ChairmanJENNINGS RANDOLPH, West Virginia jacob K. JAVITS, New York'CLAIBORNE PELL, Rhode Island RICHARD S. S'CHWEIKER, PennsylvaniaEDWARD M. KENNEDY, Massachusetts ROBERT T. STAFFORD, VermontGAYLORD NELSON, Wisconsin- ORRIN G. HATCH, UtahTHOMAS F. EAGLETON, Missouri JOHN H. CHAPEE, Rhode IslandALAN CRANSTON, California S. I. HAYAKAWA, CaliforniaWILLIAM D. HATHAWAY, MaineDONALD W. RIEGLE, S., MichiganSTEPHEN J. PARADISE, General Counsel and Staff DirectorMARJORIE M. WHITTAKER, Chief ClerkDON A. ZIMMERMAN, Minority CounselSUBCOMMITTEE ON HEALTH AND SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHEDWARD M.

4 KENNEDY, Massachusetts, ChairmanCLAIBORNE PELL, Rhode Island RICHARD S. SCHWEIKER, PennsylvaniaGAYLORD NELSON, Wisconsin jacob K. JAVITS, New YorkWILLIAM D. HATHAWAY, Maine JOHN H. iCHAFEE, Rhode IslandHARRISON A. WILLIAMS, JR., New Jersey(ex officlio)LAWRENCE HOROWITZ, Professional Staff MemberDAVID WINSTON, Minority CounselCONTESTSS tatements of: PageAdmiral Stansfield Turner, Director, Central Intelligence Agency; ac-companied by; Frank Laubinger, Office of Technical Services, Cen-tral Intelligence Agency; Al Brody, Office of Inspector General,Central Intelligence Agency; Ernest Mayerfield, Office of GeneralCounsel, Central Intelligence Agency, and George Cary, LegislativeCounsel, Central Intelligence Agency ---------------------------- 8 Philip Goldman, former employee, Central Intelligence Agency -------50 John Gittinger, former employee, Central Intelligence Agency ---------51 Appendix Testing and Use of Chemical and Biological Agentsby the Intelligence Community ----------------------------------- 65 Appendix Referring to Discovery of Additional MKULTRAM aterial ---------------------------------------- --------------- 103 Appendix Referring to Subprojects --------------------- 109 Material Submitted for the Record.

5 Psychological Assessments ---------------------------------------- 17"Truth" Drugs in Interrogation -----------------------------------25 Construction of Gorman Annex----------------------- ---- 39 Subproject 54 --------------------- ------------------------------ 41 Drug Testing in Foreign Countries ------------ 43 MKSEARCH, OFTEN/CHICKWIT ------------------------------- 169 Employees Terminated Because of Their Participation in MKULTRAS ubproject 3 ---------------------------------------- ---------- 170 QKHILLTOP Definition ---------------------------------------- - 171 PROJECT MKULTRA, THE CIA'S PROGRAM OFRESEARCH IN BEHAVIORAL MODIFICATIONWEDNESDAY, AUGUST 3, SENATE,SELECT COMMITTEE ON INTELLIGENCE,AND SUBCOMIrrTEE ON HEALTHAND SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHOF THE COMMITTEE ON HUMAN RESOURGES,Washington, committees met, pursuant to notice, at 9:07 in room 1202,Dirksen Senate Office Building, Senator Daniel K.

6 Inouye-(chairman -of the Select Committee on Intelligence) : Senators Inouye (presiding), Kennedy, Goldwater, Bayh,Hathaway, Huddleston, Hart, Schweiker, Case, Garn, Chafee, Lugarand present: William G. Miller, staff director, Select Committee onIntelligence; Dr. Lawrence Horowitz, staff director, Subcommitteeon Health and Scientific RESEARCH ; and professional staff members ofboth INOUYE. The Senate Select Committee on Intelligence ismeeting today and is joined by the Subcommittee on Health andScientific RESEARCH chaired by Senator Edward Kennedy of Mas-sachusetts and Senator Richard Schweiker of Pennsylvania. SenatorHathaway and Senator Chafee are members of both committees. Weare to hear testimony from the Director of Central Intelligence, Turner, and from other Agency witnesses on issues concern-ing new documents supplied to the committee in the last week on drugtesting conducted by the Central Intelligence should be made clear from the outset that in general, we arefocusing on events that happened over 12 or as long as 25 years should be emphasized that the programs that are of greatest con-cern have stopped and that we are reviewing these past events inorder to better understand what statutes and other guidelines might benecessary to prevent the recurrence of such abuses in the future.

7 Wealso need to know and understand what is now being done by the CIAin the field of behavioral RESEARCH to be certain that no current abusesare want to commend Admiral Turner for his full cooperation withthis committee and with the Subcommittee on Health in recognizingthat this issue needed our attention. The CIA has assisted our com-mittees and staffs in their investigative efforts and in arriving atremedies which will serve the best interests of our reappearance of reports of the abuses of the drug testing pro-gram. and reports of other previously unknown drug programs andprojects for behavioral control underline the necessity for effectiveoversight procedures both in the executive branch and in the Con-gress.

8 The Select Committee on Intelligence has been working veryclosely with President Carter, the Vice President, and AdmiralTurner and his associates in developing basic concepts for statutoryguidelines which will govern all activities of the intelligence agenciesof the United fact, it is my expectation that the President will soon announcehis decisions on how he has decided the intelligence agencies of theUnited States shall be organized. This committee will be workingclosely with the President and Admiral Turner in placing this newstructure under the law and to develop effective oversight is clear that effective oversight requires that information mustbe full and forthcoming. Full and timely information is obviouslynecessary if the committee and the public is to be confident that anytransgressions can be dealt with quickly and purpose of this hearing is to give the committee and the publican understanding of what new information has been discovered thatadds to the knowledge already available from previous Church andKennedy inquiries, and to hear the reasons why these documents werenot available to the Church and Kennedy committees.

9 It is also thepurpose of this hearing to address the issues raised by any additionalillegal or improper activities that have emerged from the files and todevelop remedies to prevent such improper activities from , there is an obligation on the part of both this committeeand the CIA to make every effort to help those individuals or institu-tions that may have been harmed by any of these improper or illegalactivities. I am certain that Admiral Turner will work with this com-mittee to see that this will be would now like to welcome the most distinguished Senator fromMassachusetts, the chairman of the Health Subcommittee, KENNEDY. Thank you very much, Mr. Chairman. We aredelighted to join together in this very important area of public in-quiry and public 2 years ago, the Senate Health Subcommittee heard chillingtestimony about the human experimentation activities of the CentralIntelligence Agency.

10 The Deputy Director of the CIA revealed thatover 30 universities and institutions were involved in an "extensivetesting and experimentation" PROGRAM which included covert drugtests on unwitting citizens "at all social levels, high and low, nativeAmericans and foreign." Several of these tests involved the adminis-tration of LSD to "unwitting subjects in social situations."At least one death, that of Dr. Olsen, resulted from these Afrency itself acknowledged that these tests made little scientificsense. The agents doing the monitoring were not qualified scientificobservers. The test subjects were seldom accessible beyond the firsthours of the test. In a number of instances, the test subject became illfor hours or days, and effective followup was experiments were equally offensive.