PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS (SI UNITS)

1 PROPERTY TABLES ANDCHARTS (SI UNITS) table A 1 Molar mass, gas constant, and ideal-gas specific heats ofsome substances866 table A 2 Boiling and freezing point properties867 table A 3 properties of solid metals868 870 table A 4 properties of solid nonmetals871 table A 5 properties of building materials872 873 table A 6 properties of insulating materials874 table A 7 properties of common foods875 876 table A 8 properties of miscellaneous materials877 table A 9 properties of saturated water878 table A 10 properties of saturated refrigerant 134a879 table A 11 properties of saturated ammonia880 table A 12 properties of saturated propane881 table A 13 properties of liquids882 table A 14 properties of liquid metals883 table A 15 properties of air at 1 atm pressure884 table A 16 properties of gases at 1 atm pressure885 886 table A 17 properties of the atmosphere at high altitude887

2 table A 18 Emissivities of surfaces888 889 table A 19 Solar radiative properties of materials890 FIGURE A 20 The Moody chart for friction factor for fully developedflow in circular 1/8/10 3:29 PM Page 865866 APPENDIX 1 table A 1 Molar mass, gas constant, and ideal-gas specific heats of some substancesSpecific Heat Data at 25 CMolar MassGas ConstantSubstanceM, kg/kmolR, kJ/kg K*cp, kJ/kg Kcv, kJ/kg Kk , , , , , dioxide, monoxide, , (R-22), , , , , , , , , , , , oxide, dioxide, , , , , , dioxide, , (R-134a), (R-143a), , *The unit kJ/kg K is equivalent to kPa m3/kg K. The gas constant is calculated from R RU/M, where RU kJ/kmol K is the universal gasconstant and Mis the molar : Specific heat values are obtained primarily from the PROPERTY routines prepared by The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST),Gaithersburg, 1/8/10 3:29 PM Page 866867 APPENDIX 1 table A 2 Boiling and freezing point propertiesBoiling Data at l atmFreezing DataLiquid PropertiesNormal Latent Heat ofLatent HeatSpecificBoilingVaporizationFreezingo f FusionTemperature, DensityHeatSubstancePoint, Chfg, kJ/kgPoint, Chif, kJ/kg Cr, kg/m3cp, kJ/kg KAmmonia (20% sodiumchloride by mass) dioxide * (at 0 C) 293251 , (light) 230 * Sublimation temperature.

3 (At pressures below the triple-point pressure of 518 kPa, carbon dioxide exists as a solid or gas. Also, the freezing-pointtemperature of carbon dioxide is the triple-point temperature of C.) 1/8/10 3:29 PM Page 867868 APPENDIX 1 table A 3 properties of solid metalsProperties at Various Temperatures(K),MeltingProperties at 300 Kk(W/m K)/cp(J/kg K)Point,rcpka 106 CompositionKkg/m3J/kg KW/m Km2/s1002004006008001000 ( Cu, Mg, Mn)4737879251042 Alloy 195, Cast ( Cu) :Pure13588933385401117482413393379366352 252356397417433451 Commercial bronze129388004205214425259(90% Cu, 10% Al)785160545 Phosphor gear bronze 110487803555417416574(89% Cu, 11% Sn) Cartridge (70% Cu, 30% Zn) (55% Cu, 45% Ni) ,300129317127327323311298284270109124131 135140145 Iridium272022, ( pure) steels:Plain carbon (Mn 1% )487559685 1169 AISI silicon (Mn 1% Si ) 1/8/10 3.

4 29 PM Page 868869 APPENDIX 1 table A 3 properties of solid metals (Continued) properties at Various Temperatures(K),MeltingProperties at 300 Kk(W/m K)/cp(J/kg K)Point,rcpka 106 CompositionKkg/m3J/kg KW/m Km2/s1002004006008001000 Carbon manganese (1% Mn Si )Chromium (low) steels:12Cr 14Mo Si ( C, Cr, Mo, Si)4925756889691 Cr ( C, 1% Cr, Mo, Si)4925756889691 Cr ( C, Cr, V)492575688969 Stainless steels:AISI , , (80% Ni, 20% Cr)480525545 Inconel (73% Ni, 15% Cr, Fe) , :Pure204521, 60Pt 40Rh180016, (60% Pt, 40% Rh) Rhenium345321, , 1/8/10 3:29 PM Page 869870 APPENDIX 1 table A 3 properties of solid metals (Concluded) properties at Various Temperatures(K),MeltingProperties at 300 Kk(W/m K)/cp(J/kg K)Point,rcpka 106 CompositionKkg/m3J/kg KW/m Km2 ,500235429174444430425412396379187225239 250262277 Tantalum326916, , , , Frank P.

5 Incropera and David P. DeWitt, Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer, 3rd ed., 1990. This material is used by permission of John Wiley &Sons, 1/8/10 3:29 PM Page 870871 APPENDIX 1 table A 4 properties of solid nonmetalsProperties at Various Temperatures(K),MeltingProperties at 300 Kk (W/m K)/cp(J/kg K)Point,rcpka 106 CompositionKkg/m3J/kg K W/m Km2/s1002004006008001000 Aluminum oxide, 940111011801225 Aluminum oxide, 940111011801225 Beryllium oxide27253000 1490188021352350 Boron fiber epoxy5902080(30% vol.) compositek, || to , to Diamond,type lla 3500509 230010,00040001540insulator21194853 Graphite, pyrolytic22732210k, || to layers1950497032301390892667534k, to fiber4501400epoxy (25% vol.)compositek, heat flow || to , heat flow to , 9606 908103811221197 Silicon carbide31003160675490230 87880105011351195 Silicon dioxide,18832650crystalline (quartz)k, || to , to 88510751250 Silicon dioxide, (fused silica) 905104011051155 Silicon dioxide, 1/8/10 3:29 PM Page 871872 APPENDIX 1 table A 5 properties of building materials (at a mean temperature of 24 C)R-valueThermalSpecific(for listedThickness,Density, rConductivity, kHeat, cpthickness, L/k),MaterialLmmkg/m3W/m KkJ/kg KK m2/WBuilding BoardsAsbestos cement board6 mm1922 of plaster board10 mm800 mm800 (Douglas fir) 6 mm545 mm545 mm545 mm545 board and sheating13 mm288 (regular density)20 mm288 (high density, standardtempered) Particle board.

6 Medium density Underlayment16 mm640 subfloor20 mm MembraneVapor-permeable felt (2 layers of kg/m2felt) MaterialsCarpet and fibrous pad and rubber pad (asphalt, linoleum, vinyl) MaterialsMasonry units:Brick, Brick, Brick, fire Concrete blocks (3 oval cores,100 mm and gravel aggregate)200 mm mm :Lightweight aggregates, ( expanded shale, clay, or slate; expanded slags; cinders; pumice; and scoria) Cement/lime, mortar, and 1/8/10 3:29 PM Page 872873 APPENDIX 1 table A 5 properties of building materials (Concluded)(at a mean temperature of 24 C)R-valueThermalSpecific(for listedThickness,Density, rConductivity, kHeat, cpthickness, L/k),MaterialLmmkg/m3W/m KkJ/kg KK m2/WRoofingAsbestos-cement shingles1900 roll roofing1100 shingles1100 roofing10 mm1100 mm shingles (plain andplastic/film faced) MaterialsCement plaster, sand aggregate19 plaster:Lightweight aggregate13 mm720 aggregate13 aggregate Siding Material (on flat surfaces)Asbestos-cement shingles 1900 siding11 mm (drop) siding25 mm (plywood) siding lapped10 mm or steel siding (oversheeting):Hollow backed10 mm backed10 mm glass (maple, oak, etc.)

7 Softwoods (fir, pine, etc.) MetalsAluminum (1100) Steel, mild Steel, Stainless Source: table A 5 and A 6 are adapted from ASHRAE, Handbook of Fundamentals(Atlanta, GA: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, 1993), Chap. 22, table 4. Used with 1/8/10 3:29 PM Page 873874 APPENDIX 1 table A 6 properties of insulating materials (at a mean temperature of 24 C)R-valueThermalSpecific(for listedThickness,Density, rConductivity, kHeat, cpthickness, L/k),MaterialLmmkg/m3W/m KkJ/kg KK m2/WBlanket and BattMineral fiber (fibrous form50 to 70 32 from rock, slag,75 to 90 32 glass)135 to 165 32 and SlabCellular Glass fiber (organic bonded)64 Expanded polystyrene (molded beads) Expanded polyurethane (R-11 expanded) Expanded perlite (organic bonded) Expanded rubber (rigid) Mineral fiber with resin Sprayed or Formed in PlacePolyurethane foam24 Glass fiber56 Urethane, two-part mixture (rigid foam) Mineral wool granules with asbestos/ inorganic binders (sprayed) Loose FillMineral fiber (rock, slag, or glass)

8 ~75 to 125 32 ~165 to 222 32 ~191 to 254 mm ~185 mm Vermiculite (expanded) Perlite, expanded32 Sawdust or shavings128 Cellulosic insulation (milled paper or wood pulp)37 Roof InsulationCellular glass Preformed, for use above deck13 mm mm mm InsulationSilica powder (evacuated) Aluminum foil separating fluffy glass mats; 10 12 layers(evacuated); for cryogenic applications (150 K) Aluminum foil and glass paper laminate; 75 150layers (evacuated); for cryogenic applications (150 K) 1/8/10 3:29 PM Page 874875 APPENDIX 1 table A 7 properties of common foods(a) Specific heats and freezing-point propertiesSpecific heat,bkJ/kg KLatentWaterFreezingHeat ofcontent,aPointaAboveBelowFusion,cFood% (mass) CFreezingFreezingkJ/kgVegetablesArtichok es84 , snap89 , sweet74 , green89 , dry88 , green74 , sweet92 , rlpe94 , sour84 , sweet80 , dried23 , fresh78 heat,bkJ/kg KLatentWaterFreezingHeat ofcontent,aPointaAboveBelowFusion,cFood% (mass) CFreezingFreezingkJ/kgPeaches89 , whole78 , whole75 , whole64 carcass49 , beef67 , beef56 leg65 carcass37 sausage38 , Cheddar37 , Swiss39 milk1 , whole74 cream63 , whole88 , roasted2.

9 AWater content and freezing-point data are from ASHRAE, Handbook of Fundamentals, Sl version (Atlanta, GA: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers,Inc., 1993), Chap. 30. table 1. Used with permission. Freezing point is the temperature at which freezing starts for fruits and vegetables, and the average freezing temperature for other heat data are based on the specific heat values of a water and ice at 0 C and are determined from Siebel s formulas: cp, fresh (Water content) , above freezing, andcp, frozen (Water content) , below latent heat of fusion is determined by multiplying the heat of fusion of water (334 kJ/kg) by the water content of the 1/8/10 3:29 PM Page 875876 APPENDIX 1 table A 7 properties of common foods (Concluded)(b) Other propertiesWaterThermalThermalSpecificCon tent,Temperature, TDensity, rConductivity, kDiffusivity, aHeat, cpFood% (mass) Ckg/m3W/m Km2/skJ/kg KFruits/VegetablesApple 10 10 , 10 , 10 , 10 Cherries, fresh920 10 10 10 10 Potatoes780 10 10 , 10 , 10 Beef liver7235 10 10 10 , 10 , salmon673 10 10 , 10 10 10 10 10 , skimmed9120 , whole8828 Peanut 10 10 10 :Data obtained primarily from ASHRAE, Handbook of Fundamentals, SI version (Atlanta, GA: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.)

10 , 1993), Chap. 30, TABLES 7 and 9. Used with specific heats are calculated from cp (Water content), which is a good approximation in the temperature range of 3 to 32 C. Mostthermal diffusivities are calculated from a k/rcp. PROPERTY values given here are valid for the specific water 1/8/10 3:29 PM Page 876877 APPENDIX 1 ThermalSpecificDensity, rConductivity, kHeat, cpMaterialkg/m3W/m KJ/kg , refractoryChrome brick473 K 1173 K Fire clay, burnt1600 K773 K 1373 K Fire clay, burnt1725 K773 K 1373 K Fire clay brick478 K 1478 K Magnesite478 K K 1478 K Chicken meat,white ( content)198 K 233 K 253 K 273 K 293 K Clay, Clay, Coal, (stonemix) table A 8 properties of miscellaneous materials(Values are at 300 K unless indicated otherwise)ThermalSpecificDensity, rConductivity, kHeat, cpMaterialkg/m3W/m KJ/kg KIce273 , K , Rubber, Rubber, , Snow, 273 Soil, , Tissue, humanSkin Fat layer Muscle Vaseline Wood, Yellow , , Source.