Psychological Operations Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures

1 FM (FM 33-1-1)MCRP DECEMBER 2003 Headquarters, Department of the Army DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: Distribution authorized to Government agencies and their contractors only to protect technical or operational information from automatic dissemination under the International Exchange Program or by other means. This determination was made on 14 November 2003. Other requests for this document must be referred to Commander, United States Army John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center and School, ATTN: AOJK-DT-PO, Fort Bragg, North Carolina 28310-5000. DESTRUCTION NOTICE: Destroy by any method that must prevent disclosure of contents or reconstruction of the Operations Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures i *FM (FM 33-1-1) MCRP Field Manual HEADQUATERS No. DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY Washington, DC, 31 December 2003 Psychological Operations Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures Contents Page PREFACE.

2 Iv Chapter 1 OVERVIEW ..1-1 Full-Spectrum Operations ..1-1 PSYOP Missions ..1-2 PSYOP Functions ..1-3 PSYOP and Information Operations ..1-4 Summary ..1-6 Chapter 2 COMMAND AND CONTROL OF PSYOP FORCES ..2-1 PSYOP Staff Officer or Noncommissioned Officer ..2-1 PSYOP Assessment Team ..2-2 PSYOP Support Element ..2-4 PSYOP Task Force ..2-4 DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: Distribution authorized to Government agencies and their contractors only to protect technical or operational information from automatic dissemination under the International Exchange Program or by other means. This determination was made on 14 November 2003. Other requests for this document must be referred to Commander, United States Army John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center and School, ATTN: AOJK-DT-PO, Fort Bragg, North Carolina 28310-5000.

3 DESTRUCTION NOTICE: Destroy by any method that must prevent disclosure of contents or reconstruction of the document. Marine Corps distribution: PCN 14400013500 *This publication supersedes FM 33-1-1, 5 May 1994. FM ii Page Use of Digital Systems by PSYOP Forces ..2-25 Summary ..2-30 Chapter 3 INTELLIGENCE PREPARATION OF THE BATTLESPACE ..3-1 Four-Step PSYOP Intelligence Preparation of the Battlespace Process ..3-2 Area of Operations and the Battlespace: Implications for PSYOP ..3-3 PSYOP Intelligence Preparation of the Battlespace Products .. 3-13 Summary ..3-16 Chapter 4 PSYOP PLANNING PROCESS ..4-1 Supported Unit Planning ..4-1 Operational Planning ..4-25 Summary ..4-44 Chapter 5 TARGET AUDIENCE ANALYSIS ..5-1 Target Audience Analysis Process ..5-1 Summary.

4 5-24 Chapter 6 PSYOP DEVELOPMENT ..6-1 PSYOP Development Center ..6-2 Phases of the PSYOP Development Process ..6-11 Summary ..6-29 Chapter 7 EVALUATION OF PRODUCT EFFECTIVENESS ..7-1 Product Pretesting ..7-1 Impact Assessment and Posttesting ..7-11 Summary ..7-14 Chapter 8 TACTICAL PSYOP FUNCTIONS AND ORGANIZATION ..8-1 Tactical PSYOP Battalion ..8-1 Tactical PSYOP Company ..8-1 Tactical PSYOP Detachment ..8-6 Operations Supported by Tactical PSYOP ..8-32 PSYOP Support to Army Special Operations Forces Core Tasks ..8-35 Summary ..8-36 Chapter 9 PSYOP MEDIA PRODUCTION ..9-1 Production Pr ocess ..9-1 Organic Print Assets ..9-1 Nonorganic Print Assets.

5 9-2 FM iii Page Visual Product Production .. 9-2 Audio and Audiovisual Assets .. 9-11 Contracted Production Assets .. 9-20 Other Production Assets .. 9-20 Summary .. 9-21 Chapter 10 DISTRIBUTION AND DISSEMINATION OF PSYOP PRODUCTS .. 10-1 Distribution Methods .. 10-1 Dissemination Factors .. 10-5 Summary .. 10-20 Chapter 11 PROPAGANDA ANALYSIS AND COUNTERPROPAGANDA .. 11-1 Terminology .. 11-1 Counterpropaganda Process .. 11-4 Summary .. 11-26 Chapter 12 PSYOP SUPPORT TO INTERNMENT/RESETTLEMENT .. 12-1 Mission .. 12-1 Mission-Essential Tasks .. 12-1 Operational Concepts and Procedures .. 12-2 Internment/Resettlement Detachment .. 12-2 Summary .. 12-10 Appendix A PSYOP AND THE TARGETING PROCESS ..A-1 Appendix B RESERVE MOBILIZATION.

6 B-1 Appendix C PSYOP MAPPING SYMBOLS ..C-1 Appendix D ADVERTISING AND SOCIAL MARKETING ..D-1 Appendix E TRIP REPORT FORMAT ..E-1 Appendix F AFTER ACTION REPORT FORMAT ..F-1 Appendix G PRODUCT NUMBERING COUNTRY CODES .. G-1 Appendix H USE OF INTERPRETERS ..H-1 Appendix I PSYOP IN SUPPORT OF STABILITY Operations .. I-1 Appendix J PSYOP IN SUPPORT OF UNCONVENTIONAL WARFARE .. J-1 Appendix K LEAFLET Operations ..K-1 Appendix L WEIGHTS, MEASURES, AND CONVERSION TABLES .. L-1 GLOSSARY .. Glossary-1 BIBLIOGRAPHY ..Bibliography-1 INDEX .. Index-1 iv Preface Field Manual (FM) presents tactics, techniques, and Procedures for implementing United States ( ) Army Psychological Operations (PSYOP) doctrine in FM , Psychological Operations .

7 FM provides general guidance for commanders, planners, and PSYOP personnel who must plan and conduct effective PSYOP across the full spectrum of Operations . This manual also provides guidance for PSYOP personnel to accomplish a broad range of missions successfully, using the latest organizational structure, terminology, and capabilities. FM is a guide, not a regulation. As such, the tactics, techniques, and Procedures it presents should not limit creativity or imagination, provided that they adhere to Army doctrine, national policy, and the commander s intent. The targeted user of this manual is primarily the PSYOP community. Written to give PSYOP officers, noncommissioned officers (NCOs), enlisted Soldiers, and civilians standardized PSYOP doctrine, FM is a comprehensive how-to manual, focusing on critical PSYOP tasks, duties, and responsibilities.

8 This manual describes Procedures and provides templates for conducting the five PSYOP missions and seven PSYOP functions in a systematic, chronological fashion. Its organization generally follows the PSYOP development process, from planning through execution. This manual contains numerous acronyms, abbreviations, and terms. Users should refer to the Glossary at the back of this manual for their meanings or definitions. The proponent of this manual is the United States Army John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center and School (USAJFKSWCS). Submit comments and recommended changes to Commander, USAJFKSWCS, ATTN: AOJK-DT-PO, Fort Bragg, NC 28310-5000. Unless this publication states otherwise, masculine nouns and pronouns do not refer exclusively to men.

9 This manual does not implement any international standardization agreements (STANAGs). 1-1 Chapter 1 Overview All military action is intertwined with Psychological forces and effects. Carl von Clausewitz On War, 1827 PSYOP are planned Operations that convey selected information and indicators to foreign target audiences (TAs) to influence their emotions, motives, objective reasoning, and ultimately, the behavior of foreign governments, organizations, groups, and individuals. The purpose of all PSYOP is to create in neutral, friendly, or hostile foreign groups the emotions, attitudes, or desired behavior that support the achievement of national objectives and the military mission. In doing so, PSYOP influence not only policy and decisions, but also the ability to govern, the ability to command, the will to fight, the will to obey, and the will to support.

10 The combination of PSYOP products and actions create in the selected TAs a behavior that supports national policy objectives and the theater commander s intentions at the strategic, operational, and tactical levels. The nature of PSYOP is varied and ever changing. PSYOP personnel must support a broad range of missions and force structures in environments ranging from austere to highly sophisticated. PSYOP are planned, coordinated, and executed before, during, and after conflicts, and must be integrated at all echelons to achieve its full force-multiplier potential. A force multiplier of special Operations forces (SOF), PSYOP forces are assigned to the United States Special Operations Command (USSOCOM), based on the 1986 Goldwater-Nichols Department of Defense (DOD) Reorganization Act.