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流量観測の過去と未来 - pu-toyama.ac.jp

,2010 9 .. PAST PROGRESS AND FUTURE DEVELOPMENT OF. DISCHARGE OBSERVATION.. KINOSITA, TAKEO. 103-0005 10 6 . Member of JSCE, Science, JSCE Corp. Hydrological observation has been intensively carried out for water resources management system in Japan since the modernization era, the late 19 Century. The technical standards were formally promulgated in 1954 for water surveys, especially discharge observation. Hydrometry engineers still stick to the standards for half a century. But many problems were found when the author recently investigated field works and data processing of discharge. It is advised that advanced technology should be introduced to discharge observation to solve the problems, such as a radio velocimetory, an ultrasonic flowmeter, ADCP and of course computers for future development.

河川流量観測の新時代,2010年9月 流量観測の過去と未来 past progress and future development of discharge observation 木下 武雄

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Transcription of 流量観測の過去と未来 - pu-toyama.ac.jp

1 ,2010 9 .. PAST PROGRESS AND FUTURE DEVELOPMENT OF. DISCHARGE OBSERVATION.. KINOSITA, TAKEO. 103-0005 10 6 . Member of JSCE, Science, JSCE Corp. Hydrological observation has been intensively carried out for water resources management system in Japan since the modernization era, the late 19 Century. The technical standards were formally promulgated in 1954 for water surveys, especially discharge observation. Hydrometry engineers still stick to the standards for half a century. But many problems were found when the author recently investigated field works and data processing of discharge. It is advised that advanced technology should be introduced to discharge observation to solve the problems, such as a radio velocimetory, an ultrasonic flowmeter, ADCP and of course computers for future development.

2 Key Words : Observation, Discharge, Drift Rod, Stage-Discharge Relation, Advanced Technology, Ultrasonic Flowmeter .. 21 . 19 1965 International Hydrological Decade IHD . 1937 . 1938 1951 .. 1951 .. 1 .. HQ . HQ .. 75 29 10 9 . 10 100 .. 36 .. HQ HQ . 2 . 2,3 . HQ .. HQ 2 HQ . HQ HQ .. HQ . Q a(H b ) 1 . 2.. HQ Q H a b . a,b . 100 1 . 100 1 . Q a (H b ) 2 .. HQ 1 . 2 . 1 . 2 H Q . HQ .. HQ . HQ 1 .. HQ .. 1 . ,2010 9 . HV . V .. 3 HQ 1 .. HQ HQ . HQ 2 1873 . HQ HQ 24 . 1891 . Q (1 n ) i1/2 AR p p 2/3 (3). 27 1894 .. Q a(H b ) (4). 2. HQ .. H Q .. 12 1937 . a (Q A )(1 p) B 2 (4A ) (5). 2. 13 1938 .. H b 2R (1 p) (6). 37 111 . a b HQ 26 1951 9 25 . Q n i A . R A B B H 3 .. 4.

3 HQ . HQ 121 . 500 837 .. 0 .. cm m .. HQ .. 5 27 1952 2 .. HQ 28 1953 18 . 29 1954. 10 9 .. 2 .. 2 . 53 1978 10 31 20m 20 100m 100 200m 200m .. 5 10 10 20 15 30 20 40 .. 2,400 2 .. 6 2 8 . 1 1978 2 . 20cm .. 1,460 735 168 23 2,386.. 3 .. 1951 . 1954 . 5 (1) 2,3 .. 1 Francis .. 2 . 1 . 1 2 . 4 . 2 . WMO.. WMO .. 4m . 1965 . 4 .. 5 . 1954 50 .. 3 . ADCP Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler .. 4 . 20 .. 1 2 A B C D .. A C B D .. 6 .. ADCP .. 2 .. 20 .. D C. A. ADCP B.. 2 ADCP .. 4 .. K 2 A 2. A .. K.. 2 .. IHD-IHP .. cos . 1) HQ . 2 3 V 2001 , 2001. 2) : 2007. 3) 9 . 26 9 25 . 7 4) . 2003 , 2003. 5) . 6) . 2005 . H0 sin t H . 7) 8 . A Q , . , 13 10 . Q K (H H 0 ) . 8) Kinosita,Takeo: Improvement of ultrasonic flowmeter in 8 revers in Japan, Adcvanced in Hydrometry, IAHS Pub.

4 , 1982. K. H sin( t ) 7 . K 2 A 2 2. A K. Q cos( t ) 8 . K 2 A 2 2.


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