有機化合物命名法 - pub.maruzen.co.jp

1 1 1 2 3 4 2 5 6 2 7 3 IUPAC Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry 1979 1990 1993 7 2000 1 IUPAC 1 3 1 alkane 1 5 -ane -alk-an-e ylenynolaloneoic acidaminenitrile alkylalkenylalkynyl 4 di.

2 Tri- tetra- CH3 CHCH2 CHCH2CH3CH3CH3CH3CH2CH2 CHCH3CH31 2345 6 123452-methylpentane2,4-dimethylhexane(2 - (2,4- 1 1 methane 11 undecane 2 ethane 12 dodecane 3 propane 13 tridecane 4 butane 14 tetradecane 5 pentane 15 pentadecane 6 hexane 20 icosane 7 heptane 21 henicosane 8 octane 22 docosane 9 nonane))

3 30 triacontane 10 decane 40 tetracontane alkane ane ene alkene 2 -adiene -atriene 1993 IUPAC 1993 H2C CHCH2CH3CH3CH CHCH CHCH2CH3 12 34 56123471-butene(1- but-1-ene( -1- 2,4-heptadienehep ta-2 ,4- dien e(2,4- ( -2,4- ]][[ 5 alkane -ane -yne alkyne -enyne CHC CCH3CH3 CHCHCCH3 CHCH5 12 34 62-hexen-4-yne[hex-2-en-4-yne 2- -4- -2- -4- 512343-penten-1-yne[pen t-3-en -1-yn e 3- -1- -3- -1- ]] cyclo- CH3CH3 cyclohexanecyclohexenemethylcyclohexane4 -methylcyclohexene1234 4- bicyclo- 2 12345678123451234567bicycl0[ ]pentanebicyclo[ ]octanebicyclo[ ]hept-2-ene [ ] [ ] [ ]))))

4 -2- tricyclo- 2 6 12345678tri cyclo[ , 7]octane [ ,7] spiro- 12345678sp iro [3 .4] octan e [ ] 1 spirobicyclopent ane o- m- p- CH3CH3CH3CH3CH(CH3)2(CH3)2benzeneindenen ap hth alen eazulene123456783a7a12345678a4a12345678 styrenetoluenexy lene (o/m/p-)mesitylenecumene 7 anthracenephenanthrenen aph thacenetriphenylenepy ren echr ycene812345678a4a10a9109a12391044a4b8a10 a867512348456791011121234121112341156910 783a5a10a8a10b10c1231286759109105678 H H indicated hydrogen CH22H-in den eflu or eneCH21234567893H-fluorene IUPAC 35 a, b, benzo[a]anthracene81234567a910b [a]

5 2 2 3 a 8 OHNSNS oxiraneaziridine 1233H-azepinethiole (3H- (oxa+irane)(aza+iridine)(thia+ole)(aza+e pine)thietane (thia+etane)(thiophene)(ethylene oxide) 2 O II oxa P III phospha S II thia Si IV sila Se II selena Ge IV germa Te II tellura Sn IV stanna N III aza B III bora 3 1993 a) a) 3 ireneb) iranec) 7 epine epane 4 ete etanec)

6 8 ocine ocane 5 ole olanec) 9 onine onane 6 ine aned) 10 ecine ecane a) b) N irine c) N iridine, etidine, olidine d) N aza inane (azinane ) 2 di-, tri- 2 2 1 SO1,2-oxathiolaneNNNOO 1,2- 1 ,4-dio xan e1 ,3,5-triazin e NS1,3-thiazol e(o xa+th ia+ol an e)(di+oxa+ane)(tri+aza+ine)(thia+aza+ol e)123(1,4- (1,3,5- (1,3- 12 9 1993 dihydro-, tetrahydro- NNSNN1234512342,3-dihydroazete4,5-dihydr o-1,3-thiazole 3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1,2-diazine(2,3- (4,5- -1,3- 3,4,5,6- - 1.

7 2- OSHNONHNNNNNNHNHNHNNHHNONHNNNNHNNN2H-pyr anfuranthiophenepyrroleimidazolepy r idin epy r imid inepy razinepyrrolidinepiperidinepiperazinemor pholinequ inu cl idin e pu rin eindolequinolineisoquinoline SSthianthreneOxan theneNHSph en oth iazineNHOph eno xiazineNacridineHNca r ba z oleNNphenazine Ochromene 10 C CH CH2 2 NHHSi 7 -azabicy clo[ ]h eptane1-silanaphthal ene( - [ ] (1- Oo xacyclo prop ane NNNN(DABCO)(DBU)1,4-diazabicyclo[ ]octane1,8-diazabicyclo[ ]undec-7-ene101234567891234567811 3 C H H IIUPAC 4 5 6 4 1.))

8 6. 2. 7. 3. 8. 4. 9. 5. 11 5 a) 1. -onio -onia -onium 2, -COOH -(C)OOH carboxy -carboxylic acid -oic acid -SO3H sulfo -sulfonic acid -COO M+ -(C)OO M+ metal -carboxylate metal oate 3. -COOCO- -oic anhydride -COOR -(C)OOR alkoxycarbonyl R carboxylate R -oate -COX -(C)OX haloformyl -carbonyl halide -oyl halide -CONH2 -(C)ONH2 carbamoyl -carboxamide -amide 4. -C N -(C) N cyano -carbonitolille -nitrile 5.

9 -CHO -(C)=O formyl oxo -carbaldehyde -al 6. -COR (C)=O acyl b) oxo -one 7. -OH hydroxy -ol -OH hydroxy -ol -SH mercapto c)-thiol c) 9. -NH2 amino -amine =NH imino -imine a) (C) b) c) 1993 sulfanyl -sulfane 12 6 -Br bromo -Cl chloro -F fluoro -I iodo =N2 diazo -N3 azido -NO nitroso -NO2 nitro -OR alkoxy -SR alkylthio a) a) 1993 alkylsulfanyl 4 5 6 alkane -ane -yl alkyl 1 5 CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2 CH3CH2CH2CH CH3CH3CH2CH CH2CH3 pen tyl [pentan-1-yl]1-methylbutyl [ pen tan- 2- yl]1 -ethy lpr o py l [pentan-3-yl](2-pentyl )(3-pentyl )[( -1- )]

10 ] 1993 pentan-2-yl pentan-3-yl pentyl pentan-1-yl 2-pentyl 3-pentyl 2-pentanyl 3-pentanyl s- t- sec-, tert- 13 CH3 CHCH3CH3 CHCH3CH2 CH3CH2CH CH3CH3 CCH3CH3CH3 CHCH3CH2CH2 CH3 CCH3CH3CH2 CH3CH2 CCH3CH3CH3 CHCH3CH2CH2CH2 isopropyli sob uty ls-butylt-butylisopentylneopentylt-pen tylisoh exy l(1 -m ethy lethy l)(2-methylpropyl)(1,1-dimethylethyl)(1 -m ethy lpr o py l)(3-methylbutyl)(1,1-dimethylpropyl)(2, 2-dimethylpropyl)(4-methylpentyl) 2 -ene -yne -enyl -ynyl 1 CH3 CCH CH3 CCCH3CH2 2-methyl-1-propenyl2-butynyl CH2CH CH2 CHCH2 CH2C CH3vinyl(ethenyl)allyl( 2 -p ro pen yl)isopropenyl(1-methylethenyl)