Public Affairs Operations - BITS

1 1FM 46-1 Field ManualFM 46-1 HeadquartersDepartment of the ArmyWashington, DC, 30 May 1997 Public Affairs OperationsContentsPREFACE .. 5 INTRODUCTION .. 6 Chapter 1 Public Affairs ENVIRONMENT .. 9 Information Environment .. 10 Information Operations ..10 Commanders and Public Affairs .. 13 Chapter 2 Public Affairs PRINCIPLES .. 15 Principles of War ..15 Public Affairs Principles.. 17 Chapter 3 Public Affairs CORE PROCESSES .. 20 Public Affairs Planning .. 20 Information Strategies .. 22 Media Facilitation .. 24 Public Affairs Training .. 25 Community Relations ..26 Chapter 4 Public Affairs AND army Operations .. 29 Levels of War .. 29 Tenets of army Operations .. 30 Elements of Combat Power.

2 31 Force Projection Cycle .. 33 Multinational Operations .. 35 Joint Operations .. 36 Sustaining Base Operations .. 37* This publication supersedes FM 46-1, 23 July 1992.* Public Affairs OPERATIONS2 Chapter 5 STABILITY AND SUPPORT Operations .. 40 Support to Diplomacy .. 41 Noncombatant Evacuations .. 42 Domestic Support .. 42 Chapter 6 PERSONNEL AND ORGANIZATIONS ..45 Personnel .. 45 Organizations.. 46 Chapter 7 EMPLOYMENT AND SUPPORT OF PA FORCES .. 56 Employment of PA .. 56 Required Support .. 58 REFERENCES ..61 APPENDIX ADoD PRINCIPLES OF INFORMATION ..62 APPENDIX BCOVERAGE OF DoD CPUBLIC Affairs ANNEX ..64 APPENDIX DPUBLIC Affairs EMEDIA GROUND ..70 INDEX.

3 743FM 46-1 The PA MissionPublic Affairs fulfills the army s obligation to keep the American people and theArmy informed, and helps to establish the conditions that lead to confidence inAmerica s army and its readiness to conduct Operations in peacetime, conflict Affairs OPERATIONS45FM 46-1 Preface Our vision is to build a trained, readilydeployable force of Public Affairs professionals,resourced, capable and organized to conductoperations in peace, conflict and war, and tomaintain a timely flow of accurate, balancedinformation to the American Manual 46-1 is the keystone doctrinal manualfor army Public Affairs Operations . It focuseson how the army thinks about Public Affairs and de-scribes Public Affairs roles, missions, capabilities andorganizations for the active army , army Reserveand army National Guard.

4 It also describes Public af-fairs employment, command and control, and supportacross the operational manual is the basis for Public Affairs forcedesign and materiel acquisition. It supports the doctri-nal requirements of the Concept Based RequirementsSystem and is the authoritative foundation for the in-!tegration ofPublic Affairsinto army doc-trine, individualand unit train-ing, leader de-velopment,force designand materiel ac-quisition initia-tives. FM 46-1is directlylinked to, and must be used in conjunction with FM100-5, FM 100-6, TRADOC PAM 525-5 and JointPublication 46-1 is the doctrinal guide for commanders,planners, and users of army Public Affairs . It is also aguide for those who must consider the effects publicaffairs has on military Operations .

5 It describes the fun-damental principles and concepts for providing infor-mation to a wide range of internal and external audi-ences soldiers, family members, retirees, politicalleaders, the general Public , allies and Affairs personnel must use their professionalknowledge, skills and judgment in adapting the prin-ciples in this manual to their specific situations. PublicAffairs commanders and trainers should use this manualand army Training and Evaluation Programs (ARTEP)to plan and conduct their terms, acronyms, and abbreviations arefound in the manual. Users should refer to the glossaryfor their meanings or manual aligns Public Affairs Operations withthe command and control Battlefield Operating Sys-tem (BOS) and is intended for army -wide dissemina-tion.

6 This edition of FM 46-1 supersedes the 1992 ver-sion of the proponent for this manual is the Office of theChief of Public Affairs . Send comments and recom-mendations on DA Form 2028 to Director, Public Af-fairs Proponent Activity, ATTN.: SAPA-PA-CFST,Fort Meade, MD of specific gender in this publication is forease of reading. Whenever the masculine or femininegender is used, either gender is intended. The term PAO refers to Public Affairs officers, NCOs and ci-vilian and military Affairs OPERATIONS6"Every senior leader must personallyset the example by taking a proactiverather than reactive approach todealing with the media."General Dennis J. Reimer army Chief of StaffIntroductionThe mission of the United states army is to protectand defend the Constitution of the United Statesof America by deterring war, and when deterrence fails,by achieving quick, decisive victory on and off thebattlefield anywhere in the world and under virtu-ally any conditions.

7 army Public Affairs is an inte-gral part of all military missions across the operationalcontinuum. Everything that the army does to accom-plish its mission both good and bad occurs withintoday s Global Information Environment. army Pub-lic Affairs assists the commander in understanding andoperating in this new environment. Whether in peace,conflict, or war, military Operations are more effec-The end of the Cold War, changing internationalalliances and dynamics, and ambiguous regional threatshave led America s army to expand its war fightingdoctrine. FM 100-5, Operations , describes a strategicforce-projection army prepared to fulfill its obliga-tions across a continuum of military Operations .

8 It pre-scribes an army able to alert, mobilize and deploy rap-idly from CONUS and overseas theaters to conductjoint, multinational or interagency Operations anywherein the world. It presents concepts for warfighting andconducting stability and support Operations , such ashumanitarian, domestic and peace 100-5 also addresses the impact that emerg-tive when they include Public Affairs support from thevery beginning. They support the commander s effortto meet the information needs and expectations of in-ternal and external audiences without detriment to suc-cessful mission technologiesand the evolvingmedia environ-ment are havingon Operations . Itacknowledges theimportance ofcommunicatinginformation to in-ternal and externalaudiences and alsorecognizes that fu-ture operationswill attract widemedia attention.

9 Itreflects an understanding that coverage will influencethe Public and political leaders, and can affect the stra-tegic direction, range and duration of Operations . Itimplies that information communication technologieshave an impact on the conduct of Operations equal tothat of emerging weapons 46-1!The requirement for the army to conduct PublicAffairs derives from Title 10, Code which statesthat the Secretary of the army is responsible for pub-lic Affairs and will establish the Office of Public Af-fairs. Implicit in a government of the people, by thepeople and for the people are the concepts that thepeople have a right to know about the activities ofthe government, and the government has an obliga-tion to inform the people about its activities.

10 Theseprinciples also apply to information about the activi-ties of the military, which is established in the Con-stitution of the United states to provide for the com-mon defense and general welfare of the UnitedStates. One of the most significant conduits throughwhich information is passed to the people is the freepress guaranteed by the Constitution. Since thenation s founding, the army has communicated in-formation to the American people through the Public Affairs is a fundamental tool of com-petent leadership, a critical element of effective battlecommand, and an essential part of successful mis-sion accomplishment. When employed to maximumeffect, army Public Affairs helps the commanderachieve information dominance and conduct coordi-nated information Operations , and also contributes tothe preservation of Public support.