Pump Application Manual

1 GL-05303 2003, The Gorman-Rupp Company. All rights in the USAPumpApplicationManualSimplified Selection and ApplicationThe Gorman-Rupp Box 1217 Mansfield, Ohio 44901-1217 Phone: Fax International Box 1217 Mansfield, Ohio 44901-1217 Tel: + Fax: + of Canada, Burwell Road St. Thomas, Ontario N5P 3R7 Fax Spring Street Royersford, Pennsylvania 19468 (610) 948-3800 Fax: (610) purpose of this Manual is to give you information needed to select the correct pump for the job insimple Manual contains.

2 Types of pumps in use todayPages 1-4 How to read a pump performance curvePages 5-6 Figuring pump applicationsPages 7-8 How to select the correct pump for the jobPages 9-10 Friction loss tablesPages 10-11 Useful informationPages 12-14 Where to use pumpsPage 15 IndexSTANDARD centrifugal PUMPSThe simplest of all types, it has been in use since the1700 s. This pump operates on the centrifugal forceprinciple, which can be seen in operation every timeyou drive your car on a wet road. The tire picks upwater and throws it by centrifugal force against centrifugal pump operates on the same principleexcept the tire is called an impeller and it has blades tomove the , we can t have water going in all directionsat once, so we direct it by means of a casing, or volute(pronounced va-loot) as it is called in the pumpindustry.

3 The volute acts in the same manner as yourcar fender; it controls the water after it leaves PUMPSThis type of pump does a good job as long as thesupply of liquid flows to the pump. Put the StandardCentrifugal Pump above the liquid, and problems canarise, as it does not have the ability to create a vacuumand prime itself. Should it pump the hole dry and airenter the pump, it will stop pumping and become equipment must be used to evacuateentrained air within the pump, such as an eductor, ahand primer, etc.

4 On construction jobs there is a needfor a pump which has the ability to prime itself repeat-edly, since the purpose of the pump is to keep the holedry. As a result, the pump must lower the water belowthe strainer inlet time and time again, handling largeamounts of air at the same time. A pump capable ofrepriming is a 1 TYPES OFPUMPS INUSETODAYAIRPUMPINGAIR-BOUNDThis AMT high headcentrifugal pump isideal for chemicalprocessing, liquidtransfer, heating andcooling andsprinkler/fire is how it works:During the primingcycle, air enters the pumpand mixes with water atthe impeller.

5 Water andair are discharged togeth-er by centrifugal action ofthe impeller into the waterreservoir. Once in the reservoir,the air and water mixtureslows down from itsformer velocity, allowingair to escape out thedischarge. Air-free water,now heavier than air-laden water, flows bygravity back down intothe impeller chamber,ready to mix with moreair coming in thesuction line. Once all air hasbeen evacuated and avacuum created in thesuction line,atmospheric pressureforces water up into thesuction line to the impeller, and pumping of waterwithin the pump stopswhen pumping begins.

6 This type of pump differs from a standard centrifugalpump in that it has a water reservoir built into the unitwhich enables it to rid pump and suction line of air byrecirculating water within the pump on priming water reservoir may be above the , it may be located in front of the OFPUMPS INUSETODAYAT RESTPRIMINGPUMPINGThis portable IPTmodel is anexample of pumps may be manufactured in manydifferent sizes and shapes. Impeller diameter controlsthe head or pressure; impeller blade controls the upon its intended use, an impeller mayhave two, three, or even six blades attached.

7 As a rule,impellers designed to handle trashy water will havefewer blades with maximum width. Impellers for high-head or pressure will have more blades of narrowwidth and may be enclosed on both sides of PUMPSA diaphragm pump is aplunger-type of pump, similarin operation to the fuel pumpin your has a diaphragm(fig. 1) attached to aplunger (fig. 2) whichmoves up and are check valves oneither side of the the up stroke, thesuction valve opensand water flows the down stroke,discharge opens and waterflows first practical lightweight diaphragm pump wasdesigned in 1953 a pump which cut 200 lbs.

8 Fromthe weight and gave up to 400% more gallons perminute than pumps then available. In addition to usingaluminum in major pump parts, a spring was added tothe plunger rod to absorb the first shock as the plungerstarted its down stroke. Result: a smoother running unitand improved diaphragm life. It was extended evenlonger with material innovations for , a suction accumulator (fig. 3)was placed just ahead of the up stroke, water is drawn fromthe accumulator directly into the pumpbody.

9 During down stroke, when wateris being pushed out of the body, theaccumulator refills with water, making itavailable for the next stroke. Result:greatly increased capacity and asmoother running combination of the spring andaccumulator makes this diaphragmpump the best on the 3 TYPES OFPUMPS INUSETODAYF igure 3UP STROKEDOWN STROKEF igure 1 Figure 2 Check valvesPage 4 POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMPSThe flow rate of a centrifugal pump will vary with achange in discharge pressure whereas the flow rate ofa positive displacement pump will remain relativelyconstant at variable discharge types of pumps are mostly used where

10 Highpressure and low volume are required. They normallywill not hold up when pumping dirty water or abrasiveliquids, so are not suitable in construction-typepumping PUMPSA standard centrifugal pump, usually driven by anelectric motor, both of which are encased in a commonhousing which can be immersed in water. Submersiblepumps do not require priming, as water flows to OFPUMPS INUSETODAYP ositive Displacementmodels, such as this G-Rheavy-duty rotary gearpump, are versatileenough to handle a widevariety of pumps ,such as this slimlinemodel, are ideal forhigh-head, 5 HOWTOREADPUMPPERFORMANCECURVESC urve A This is a typical curve used to portray performance ofthe Model 3G5 pump powered by a Briggs & Stratton 5 HPengine.