Quantifying Hydrogen Induced Cracking (HIC) Susceptibility ...

1 ARMY TANK AUTOMOTIVE RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING CENTERQ uantifying Hydrogen Induced Cracking (HIC) Susceptibility of Welding Filler Wires Used in the Welding of Armor SteelMatthew RogersProduct Life Cycle Engineering Application & Integration15 Nov2016 UNCLASSIFIED: Distribution Statement A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedUNCLASSIFIED: Distribution Statement A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedTARDEC View of Joining2 JoiningWeldingMechanical FasteningAdhesive BondingHomogeneous (same materials)Heterogeneous (multi-material)Hybrid JoiningA combination of any two of the three joining : Distribution Statement A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedUNCLASSIFIED: Distribution Statement A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited Objective Understand the joint quality and welding process efficiency of welded armor steels(MIL-DTL-12560 RHA, MIL-DTL-46100 HH, ASTM A514) Establish weld wire selection criteria for the new MIL-Standard on the welding of armored steel Provide practitioners a point of comparison between current joining practices and future welding practices.

2 Create validation data for ballistic and blast models of welded armor plates3Ta s k sPhase 1 Robotic WeldingMaterial CharacterizationFatigue TestingEvaluationPhase 2 Robotic WeldingRadiographyHigh Strain Rate TestEvaluationPhase 3 Robotic WeldingBallistic TestingEvaluationPhase 4 Robotic WeldingFatigue Testing Evaluate/TransferFiller Material CharacterizationUNCLASSIFIED: Distribution Statement A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedUNCLASSIFIED: Distribution Statement A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedBase Materials and Consumables BrandAWS ClassificationSizeTypeLincoln electric ; SuperArcLA- 100 (ER100S-6).045"SolidLincoln electric ; SuperArcLA-90 (ER80S-D2).045"SolidLincoln electric ; SuperArcL-56 (ER70S-6).045"SolidLincoln electric ; Blue MaxMIG "SolidLincoln electric ; Blue MaxMIG "SolidLincoln electric ; Blue MaxMIG "SolidLincoln electric ; Blue MaxLMN 347 "SolidLincoln electric ; MetalshieldMC-6 (E70C-6M H4).

3 045"Cored WireLincoln electric ; MetalshieldMC-90 (E90C-K3 H4).045"Cored WireLincoln electric ; MetalshieldMC-110 (E110C-G H4).045"Cored WireLincoln electric ; MetalshieldMC-710XL (E70C-6M H8).045"Cored WireESAB; SPOOLARC120 (ER120).045"SolidESAB; SPOOLARC140 (ER140).045" Arc weld Robot w/ lincoln Power Supply4 Fanuc Arc weld Robot w/ lincoln Power SupplyUNCLASSIFIED: Distribution Statement A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedUNCLASSIFIED: Distribution Statement A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedPhase 1-Mechanical Test Robotically welding MIL-DTL-12560 class1 MIL-DTL-46100 class1 ASTM A514 Grade A 14 x 21 x 1/2 single V-groove sample 15 different weld fillers Solid Stainless Metal Core 70ksi-140 Ksi in tensile strength. Mechanical Testing Hardness Tensile CharpyImpact Bend Testing5 UNCLASSIFIED: Distribution Statement A.

4 Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedUNCLASSIFIED: Distribution Statement A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedPhase 2-Ballistic Shock Evaluation Robotically welding 3 x 3 x 1/2 H-plate configuration. Single V-Groove configuration Radiographically tested SABL lab for Ballistic Shock testing ARL Helping with Digital Imaging Correlation (DIC) evaluation Deformation Response vs. Crack Length 6 UNCLASSIFIED: Distribution Statement A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedUNCLASSIFIED: Distribution Statement A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedProjectiles7 CaliberNomenclatureWeightTarget Thickness [in] ~15 to (MR) Projectile, Plate-Proofing (For Impact or Shock Testing)UNCLASSIFIED: Distribution Statement A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedUNCLASSIFIED: Distribution Statement A.

5 Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedPhase 3 Penetration Test Robotically welding 4 x 1 x 1/2 Single V-groove plates. Penetration testing Determine the joint efficiency as defined by the magnitude vulnerability Filler material performance Transfer results to MIL-STD 9 UNCLASSIFIED: Distribution Statement A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedUNCLASSIFIED: Distribution Statement A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedPhase 4-Fatigue Will use the same Phase 1 welding procedures and welding techniques. Two Plates per filler and base Plate 1: Cut with water jet into 5 x 14 strips (4 strips per plate) discarding the end of each side. Plate 2: Cut into strip discarding the end 1 per side. machined to final round bar fatigue sample dimensions. Fatigue testing @ TARDEC Data transfer to Analytics 10 UNCLASSIFIED: Distribution Statement A.

6 Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedUNCLASSIFIED: Distribution Statement A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedH2 Testing @ Oakridge National Lab (ORNL) Tekken Test ( Y Groove) 15 fillers Same Base Material from weld Wire Characterization Preheat 0 C 50 C 100 C Small Scale cold Cracking test Simulate Hydrogen Embrittlement Developed by Japan 11 Quantifying HIC Susceptibility of Welding Filler Wires Used in the Welding of Armor Steel , Matthew Rogers, Martin McDonnell: US-ARMY TARDECZ hili Feng, Xinghua Yu: Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oct 13, 2016 UNCLASSIFIED: Distribution Statement A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedUNCLASSIFIED: Distribution Statement A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedExample Cross Section An example of HIC using ER100 filler metal with MIL-DTL-12560 base plate (a) appearance of the crack on weld surface (b) macroscopic graph of cross-section (c) crack surface showing intergranular facture mode12 Quantifying HIC Susceptibility of Welding Filler Wires Used in the Welding of Armor Steel , Matthew Rogers, Martin McDonnell: US-ARMY TARDECZ hili Feng, Xinghua Yu: Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oct 13, 2016 UNCLASSIFIED: Distribution Statement A.

7 Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedUNCLASSIFIED: Distribution Statement A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedSurface Cracking @ Different Preheat Temp s Appearance of the crack on weld surfaces at difference preheat temperatures13 Quantifying HIC Susceptibility of Welding Filler Wires Used in the Welding of Armor Steel , Matthew Rogers, Martin McDonnell: US-ARMY TARDECZ hili Feng, Xinghua Yu: Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oct 13, 2016 UNCLASSIFIED: Distribution Statement A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedUNCLASSIFIED: Distribution Statement A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedMacrographs Macrographs Of weld Cross Sections @ Different Preheat Temp14 Quantifying HIC Susceptibility of Welding Filler Wires Used in the Welding of Armor Steel , Matthew Rogers, Martin McDonnell: US-ARMY TARDECZ hili Feng, Xinghua Yu: Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oct 13, 2016 UNCLASSIFIED: Distribution Statement A.

8 Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedUNCLASSIFIED: Distribution Statement A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedResults15 Quantifying HIC Susceptibility of Welding Filler Wires Used in the Welding of Armor Steel , Matthew Rogers, Martin McDonnell: US-ARMY TARDECZ hili Feng, Xinghua Yu: Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oct 13, 2016 UNCLASSIFIED: Distribution Statement A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedUNCLASSIFIED: Distribution Statement A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedRemaining Technical Barriers The relationships between filler and base materials and their associated mechanical and high strain rate properties are unknown. Lack of validated models and methods to accurately predict joint response to blast (high strain rate) and ballistic events weld characterization data of new parent materials, such as advanced high strength steels, as a function of various available weld wires does not exist.

9 Dynamic and static deformation response data to ballistic shock events does not exist. Arc Blow due to Magnetization16 UNCLASSIFIED: Distribution Statement A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedUNCLASSIFIED: Distribution Statement A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedTransition This data will transition and be used by both TARDEC engineers and vehicle manufactures to further optimize vehicle designs. This data will transition to Industry, PM s, Depot s, and Arsenals through the new welding mil standard, by creating filler metal selection charts. The data from this project will also be easily transitioned to help industry, such as the automotive and heavy equipment companies, in the selection of weld filler materials for their types of AHSS due to the similarities in properties. The data obtained in this study will also be used to refine material models for modeling and simulation17 UNCLASSIFIED: Distribution Statement A.

10 Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedUNCLASSIFIED: Distribution Statement A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedConclusion Preheats during welding process recommend for armor grade steel welding Generated Selection Table Preheat for MIL-STD-3040 SS Less Susceptible to Hydrogen Embrittlement MetalCorefiller materials are the most susceptible to Hydrogen embrittlement for armor steels 18 UNCLASSIFIED: Distribution Statement A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedUNCLASSIFIED: Distribution Statement A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedQuestionsQuestions and Comments19 586-282-5969 Matt Rogers: weld Engineer 586-282-7999 Martin McDonnell: Mechanical EngineerUNCLASSIFIED: Distribution Statement A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedUNCLASSIFIED: Distribution Statement A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimit