Quantitative Analysis of Oil Yield and Its Components in ...

1 (2017) 6(8): 3088-3098. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 8 (2017) pp. 3088-3098. Journal homepage: Original Research Article Quantitative Analysis of Oil Yield and Its Components in Newly Developed Hybrids of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Supriya1*, Vikas V. Kulkarni2, Ranganatha1 and Suresha1. 1. Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur-584104, Karnataka, India 2. AICRP on Sunflower, MARS, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur-584104, Karnataka, India *Corresponding author ABSTRACT. Increasing seed Yield and oil content is one of the most important goals in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

2 Breeding programs. The aim of any plant breeder includes selection from natural population or artificially developed for one or several characters. In Keywords the present investigation, twenty sunflower hybrids were evaluated for various parameters under field conditions to estimate genetic parameters, correlation coefficient and path Sunflower, Analysis . Analysis of variance and mean performance for Yield and its Components Genetic revealed significant differences among all the genotypes for all the characters. Results variability, revealed highly significant differences among all the hybrids. Higher PCV and GCV were Correlation and obtained for seed Yield per plant followed by head diameter and test weight.

3 Moderate path Analysis . PCV and GCV were obtained for the characters viz., plant height, volume weight and oil content, while low PCV and GCV were observed for days to 50% maturity and days to Article Info 50% flowering High value of heritability coupled with the high genetic advance was Accepted: estimated for plant height, test weight, seed Yield per plant, volume weight and head 26 June 2017 diameter, high heritability coupled with moderate genetic advance was recorded for days Available Online: to 50 per cent flowering and oil content indicated additive gene action controlling these 10 August 2017 traits.

4 Highly significant positive correlation was estimated between seed Yield per plant with plant height, volume weight and head diameter and significant positive association with test weight but the association between seed Yield and days to maturity was negative and low. Introduction Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is an Yield Components traits as well as nature of important crop, primarily grown for vegetable initial material (Nehru and Manjunath, 2003). oil which is used for human consumption, but Seed Yield in sunflower is a complex also as a raw material in industry (Miji et al., Quantitative trait controlled by large number 2009).

5 The main objective of any plant of genes and is highly influenced by breeder includes the highest seed Yield and oil environmental, morphological and content in any oilseed crop especially in physiological properties. Correlation studies sunflower (Vr nceanu et al., 2005). The between Yield and its component traits helps success of breeding programs primarily to decide the indirect selection using Yield depends on the variation present for Yield and Components traits to improve seed Yield of 3088. (2017) 6(8): 3088-3098. sunflower (Fick et al., 1974). On the other coefficient into its Components . These side, the seed Yield is a function of genetic Components are: 1) the path coefficient (or potential of the variety, external conditions in standardized partial regression coefficient).

6 Which the crop is grown, applied technology that measures the direct effect of a predictor and the interaction of all these factors (Abad variable upon its response variable; and 2) the et al., 2013 ). Sunflower seed Yield , like other indirect effect(s) of a predictor variable on the crops, is a function of many traits which have response variable through the predictor interrelation among them and affect the grain variables (Dewey and Lu, 1959). Yield directly or indirectly. The purpose of this study was to estimate Sunflower breeders intend to achieve the phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of highest grain Yield and oil content, through variation, heritability, correlations and path the best expression of heterosis (Vr nceanu, coefficients between important agronomic 2000; Vr nceanu et al.

7 , 2005). The breeding traits and oil Yield in twenty-three sunflower strategies are mainly oriented toward these hybrids. The results of this study will be two traits. In order to apply an optimum useful for implementing a more efficient breeding strategy for targeted Quantitative breeding strategy. traits, a genetic Analysis of those traits needs to be performed (Ha , 1999; Nistor et al., Materials and Methods 2005). Heritability represents the ratio between genetic and all factors (including The experiment consist 23 sunflower hybrids non-genetic ones) that influence the sown in randomized complete block design variability (Bernardo, 2002).

8 (RBD) with three replications at MARS, Raichur during Kharif, 2014. Each hybrid was The higher ratio of the genetic component in raised in two rows of 3m length with spacing phenotypic expression of a certain trait, the of 60 x 30 cm. Recommended agronomic higher is the heritability, and selection for practices were followed to raise good crop. these traits can be performed in earlier Observations were recorded on days to 50 %. generations in field trials set up at a smaller flowering, plant height (cm), head diameter number of locations, years and replications. (cm), days to maturity, test weight (g), Heritability accompanied with an estimation volume weight, seed Yield per plant (g) and of genetic gain is more useful than heritability oil content (%).

9 The data were recorded on alone in accurate prediction of the selection five randomly selected plants in each entry in effects (Johnson et al., 1955). Besides each replication. The Analysis of variance, coefficients of variability and heritability it is coefficient of variation was calculated as per important to know the relationship between Burton and Devane (1953). Heritability in the analyzed traits. broad sense and genetic advance were calculated as per Hanson (1956) and Johnson It is important to estimate simple correlation et al., (1955), respectively. The linear coefficients, but also the direct and indirect correlation coefficient is estimated between effects of investigated traits on characters that seed Yield and its component traits using 23.

10 Represent selection aims described through sunflower hybrids (Singh and Chaudhary, path coefficient Analysis . Path coefficient 1985). The significance of genotypic Analysis has an advantage over estimation of correlation coefficients was tested with the simple correlation coefficients because it help of standard errors as suggested by Reeve allows partitioning of the correlation and Rao (1981). 3089. (2017) 6(8): 3088-3098. Results and Discussion PM-16 x PM-37 with 59 days to days to fifty per cent flowering (Table 2). Among them The Analysis of variance revealed highly only one hybrid (PM-20 PM-38) was early significant variations among the hybrids for in maturing compared to other hybrids which all the characters studied (Table 1).