Racial disparities in mental health: Literature and ...

1 Racial disparities in mental health : Literature and evidence review Tracey Bignall, Samir Jeraj, Emily Helsby and Jabeer Butt 1 Acknowledgments 3 Executive summary 4 Background 4 What we found

2 4 Resources 6 Conclusions and recommendations 8 Racial disparities in mental health Literature and evidence review 10 1 Introduction 11 Policy Scope of the Literature and evidence review 12 Limitations of Literature and evidence 13 2 Review of Literature and

3 evidence 14 What we know from existing evidence 14 Prevalence 14 Black and minority ethnic groups and mental illnesses 15 Suicide and self-harm 18 3 Differences in support and treatment of mental illness 20 Pathways to mental health services 20 Refugees.

4 Asylum seekers and migrants 20 Criminal justice system 21 Treatment of psychosis 23 Treatment of Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective disorders 23 Treatment of Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) 24 Mindfulness 25 Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT)

5 Services 26 Contents4 Understanding Racial disparities in mental health 29 Stigma 29 Access and use of services: men 30 Access and use of services: ethnicity 32 Access and use of services: Perinatal mental health 33 Access and use of services: spirituality 33 Access and use of services.

6 Children and young people 34 Under use of mental health services 35 Cultural matching with health practitioner 35 5 Impact of racism and discrimination 37 On accessing mental health services 37 On detention 37 Conscious or unconscious bias 38 Impact of discrimination on mental health 39 6.

7 Intersectionality and mental health 40 Stigma, spirituality and mental health 40 Gender, race and migration 41 Sexual orientation, race and mental health 41 7 What works in supporting Black and minority ethnic people with mental illness?

8 44 Resilience and recovery/learning from mental health survivors 44 The role of the voluntary, community and social enterprise sector 45 8 Suggested action from Literature review and evidence 46 9 Concluding remarks 48 Bibliography 492 ContentsWe would like to acknowledge the

9 Support from the following people whose input contributed to the Racial disparities in mental health project: Members of the Project Steering Group: Chris Stein, Men s health Forum Annah Psarros, Maternity Action Jordan Lartey, Nacro Dania Hanif, Association of mental health Provers Sam Worrell, Friends, Families and Travellers Sarah Sweeney, Friends, Families and Travellers Terry Green, Person with lived experience Jennifer Jean-Paul, LGBT Partnership Tutiette Thomas, Person with lived experience Emmanuel Dauwadu, Person with lived experience Jabeer Butt, Race Equality Foundation Tracey Bignall, Race Equality Foundation Samir Jeraj.

10 Race Equality Foundation Emily Helsby, Race Equality Foundation Dr Nasreen Ali, Senior Research Fellow in Public health , Institute for health Research, University of Bedfordshire Frank Keating, Professor of Social Work and mental health , Director of Learning and Teaching Centre for Social Work and School of Law, Royal Holloway University of London Participants of the two seminars held 28th November 2018 and 25th March 2019 Colleagues who submitted case studies and good practice information 3 AcknowledgmentsCopyright 2019 Race Equality FoundationBackground This research review has been created as part of the Racial disparities in mental health project commissioned by NHS England.