Radiation Physics Note / 放射線物理ノート

1 2018. 12. 25 1 ~ ~ (electromagnetic wave) electromagnetic Radiation (particles) corpuscular Radiation charged particles uncharged particles --- (ionizing Radiation )

2 Directly ionizing Radiation indirectly ionizing Radiation (non-ionizing Radiation ) ( ) ( ) ( 2 2018. 12. 25 3 2018. 12. 25 c 1 108m 107m 108 107 /s Hz E h h c/ 10-25[J m]/ [eV m]/ [keV ]/ Duane-Hunt eV V 10-19[C] [V] 10-19[J] 4 30 km c 1 1 1 1 m LED ~ 2018.)

3 12. 25 X Wilhelm Conrad R ntgen 1895 11 8 Crookes X 10-8 10-14m 108m/sec = (m) (sec-1) ( 108m /sec) = (J) ( 10-34J sec) 5 2018.

4 12. 25 6 2018. 12. 25 CT E=kZIV2t k (= 10-9) I 1% 99% 19 (74W) CBCT CT 1mmAl 70kV (15cm ) 7 2018.

5 12. 25 8 2018. 12. 25 ][ ][ ][ ]/[ ][ min Duane-Hunt min Vmax= min Vmax kV KLILIILIII1 3p M 3s M [keV]9 (1991/3 2018. 12. 25 Kramers 1959 K 60kV K K 70kV K K 15 30keV 511keV 2 ======================================== ================= IP)

6 10 2018. 12. 25 I0 I I=I0e- d kZ3 3 --- Z / ex. 11 (1991/3 (2007/2) X 2018. 12. 25 Zeff Zeff Evans, 1955 (Attix, and Roesch, , eds.: Radiation Dosimetry. Vol. I : Fundamentals. Academic Press Inc., New York, 1968.))

7 C= : Z=125*E3/2-3 c= : Z=1900/( +6)+2 12 2018. 12. 25 = = 3~4 = = 3~4 14 7=143~473~4=23~4=8~16 D1 D1 D2 1/4 D1 Hc=D1/D2 Hc<1 D2/D1 I=I0e- d cf. IP 13 2018. 12. 25 exposure, X [C/kg] X=dQ/dm dQ dm Kerma, K Gy [J/kg] K=dE/dm dm absorbed dose, D Gy [J/kg] D=de/dm de dm equivalent dose, HT Sv [J/kg] HT= wR DT,R DT,R T R wR HT R wR DT,R Effective Dose, E Sv [J/kg] E= wT HT wT X [C/kg]X, exposure R 1R= D Gy[J/kg]

8 Absorbed dose rad HT Sv[J/kg] equivalent dose rem HT= wR DT RwR : E Sv[J/kg] effective dose rem E= wT HTwT : A Bq[ / ] activity Ci1Sv=100rem 1Gy=100rad WR=1 14 D=HT 2018. 12. 25 (dt) (dN) -dN/dt Bq [1/sec] (RI) --- --- --- EC: Electron Capture --- (IT: Isomeric Transition) N=N0e- t N:t N0 t=0 T: N=1/2N0 T tAA0A0/2 TtAA0A0/2T Tp Tb Teff 15 2018.

9 12. 25 1 =1 +1 1 = + GM TLD 16 2018. 12. 25 1 10 GM ( :Ar RPL OSL, PSL TLD RPLR adio Photo LuminescenceOSLO ptically Stimulated LuminescencePSLP hoto Stimulated Luminescence --- IP TLDT hermo Luminescence Dosimeter ICRU International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements ICRP International Commission on Radiological Protection UNSCEAR United Nations Scientific Committee on Effects of Atomic Radiations IARC International Agency for Research on Cancer IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency 1895 1896 1898 1899 1900 1904)

10 1905 1908 1909 1911 1905 1913 1913 1916 1918 1917 1919 1918 1923 1924 1927 1927 1932 1935 1937 1970 CT,MRI 17 2018. 12. 25 / 6 (2018/2/10) (1991/3 (2007/2) ( ), , ( ) ; 11 (2004/10) (2008/9) X (2000/9/1) Jerrold T.)