Reading Essentials and Note-Taking Guide

1 Reading Essentials and Note-Taking GuideSTUDENT WORKBOOKWGC 08_RENTGSW_RP_878389 1 WGC 08_RENTGSW_RP_878389 14/3/07 11:57:16 AM4/3/07 11:57:16 AMTo the StudentThe World geography and Cultures Reading Essentials and Note-Taking Guide is designed to help you use recognized Reading strategies to improve your Reading -for-information skills. For each section of the student textbook, you are alerted to key content. Then, you are asked to draw from prior knowledge, organize your thoughts with a graphic organizer, and fol-low a process to read and understand the text. The Reading Essentials and Note-Taking Guide was prepared to help you get more from your textbook by Reading with a purpose. Copyright by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Permission is granted to reproduce the material contained herein on the condition that such material be reproduced only for classroom use; be provided to students, teachers, and families without charge; and be used solely in conjunction with the World geography and Cultures program.

2 Any other reproduction, for sale or other use, is expressly all inquiries to:Glencoe/McGraw-Hill8787 Orion PlaceColumbus, OH 43240-4027 ISBN: 978-0-07-878389-0 MHID: 0-07-878389-5 Printed in the United States of America1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 047 10 09 08 ii4/3/07 10:34:57 AM4/3/07 10:34:57 AMTable of ContentsChapter 1 How Geographers Look at the WorldSection 1: geography Handbook ..1 Section 2: The Geographer s Craft ..4 Chapter 2 The Physical WorldSection 1: Planet Earth ..7 Section 2: Forces of Change .. 10 Section 3: Earth s Water .. 13 Chapter 3 Climates of the EarthSection 1: Earth-Sun Relationships .. 16 Section 2: Factors Affecting Climate .. 19 Section 3: World Climate Patterns .. 22 Chapter 4 The Human WorldSection 1: World Population.

3 25 Section 2: Global Cultures .. 28 Section 3: Political and Economic Systems .. 31 Section 4: Resources, Trade, and the Environment .. 34 Chapter 5 Physical geography of the United States and CanadaSection 1: The Land .. 37 Section 2: Climate and Vegetation .. 40 Chapter 6 Cultural geography of the United States and CanadaSection 1: The United States .. 43 Section 2: Canada .. 46 Chapter 7 The Region Today: The United States and CanadaSection 1: The Economy .. 49 Section 2: People and Their Environment .. 52 Chapter 8 Physical geography of Latin AmericaSection 1: The Land .. 55 Section 2: Climate and Vegetation .. 58 Chapter 9 Cultural geography of Latin AmericaSection 1: Mexico .. 61 Section 2: Central America and the 64 Section 3: South America .. 67 Chapter 10 The Region Today: Latin AmericaSection 1: The Economy.

4 70 Section 2: People and Their Environment .. 73 Chapter 11 Physical geography of EuropeSection 1: The Land .. 76 Section 2: Climate and Vegetation .. 79 Chapter 12 Cultural geography of EuropeSection 1: Northern Europe .. 82 Section 2: Western Europe .. 85 Section 3: Southern Europe .. 88 Section 4: Eastern Europe .. iii4/3/07 10:34:58 AM4/3/07 10:34:58 AMChapter 13 The Region Today: EuropeSection 1: The Economy .. 94 Section 2: People and Their Environment .. 97 Chapter 14 Physical geography of RussiaSection 1: The Land .. 100 Section 2: Climate and Vegetation .. 103 Chapter 15 Cultural geography of RussiaSection 1: Population and Culture .. 106 Section 2: History and 109 Chapter 16 The Region Today: RussiaSection 1: The Economy .. 112 Section 2: People and Their Environment.

5 115 Chapter 17 Physical geography of North Africa, Southwest Asia, and Central AsiaSection 1: The Land .. 118 Section 2: Climate and Vegetation .. 121 Chapter 18 Cultural geography of North Africa, Southwest Asia, and Central AsiaSection 1: North Africa .. 124 Section 2: The Eastern Mediterranean .. 127 Section 3: The Northeast .. 130 Section 4: The Arabian Peninsula .. 133 Section 5: Central Asia .. 136 Chapter 19 The Region Today: North Africa, Southwest Asia, and Central AsiaSection 1: The Economy .. 139 Section 2: People and Their Environment .. 142 Chapter 20 Physical geography of Africa South of the SaharaSection 1: The Land .. 145 Section 2: Climate and Vegetation .. 148 Chapter 21 Cultural geography of Africa South of the SaharaSection 1: The Sahel .. 151 Section 2: East Africa.

6 154 Section 3: West Africa .. 157 Section 4: Central Africa .. 160 Section 5: Southern Africa .. 163 Chapter 22 The Region Today: Africa South of the SaharaSection 1: The Economy .. 166 Section 2: People and Their Environment .. 169 Chapter 23 Physical geography of South AsiaSection 1: The Land .. 172 Section 2: Climate and Vegetation .. iv4/3/07 10:34:58 AM4/3/07 10:34:58 AM vChapter 24 Cultural geography of South AsiaSection 1: India .. 178 Section 2: Pakistan and Bangladesh .. 181 Section 3: Nepal, Bhutan, Maldives, and Sri Lanka .. 184 Chapter 25 The Region Today: South AsiaSection 1: The Economy .. 187 Section 2: People and Their Environment .. 190 Chapter 26 Physical geography of East AsiaSection 1: The Land .. 193 Section 2: Climate and Vegetation .. 196 Chapter 27 Cultural geography of East AsiaSection 1: China.

7 199 Section 2: Japan .. 202 Section 3: North Korea and South Korea .. 205 Chapter 28 The Region Today: East AsiaSection 1: The Economy .. 208 Section 2: People and Their Environment .. 211 Chapter 29 Physical geography of Southeast AsiaSection 1: The Land .. 214 Section 2: Climate and Vegetation .. 217 Chapter 30 Cultural geography of Southeast AsiaSection 1: Mainland Southeast Asia .. 220 Section 2: Island Southeast Asia .. 223 Chapter 31 The Region Today: Southeast AsiaSection 1: The Economy .. 226 Section 2: People and Their Environment .. 229 Chapter 32 Physical geography of Australia, Oceania, and AntarcticaSection 1: The Land .. 232 Section 2: Climate and Vegetation .. 235 Chapter 33 Cultural geography of Australia and OceaniaSection 1: Australia and New Zealand .. 238 Section 2: Oceania.

8 241 Chapter 34 The Region Today: Australia and OceaniaSection 1: The Economy .. 244 Section 2: People and Their Environment .. v4/3/07 10:34:58 AM4/3/07 10:34:58 vi4/3/07 10:34:58 AM4/3/07 10:34:58 AMCopyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, 1, Section 1 1 Chapter 1, Section 1 (Pages 4 15) geography HandbookGeography skills provide the tools for understanding relationships between people, places, and a chart like the one below to identify the continents in each hemi-sphere. Continents may appear in more than one and Maps (page 5)Read the section and answer the questions:1. Geographic infor-mation is shown most accurately on a .2. Write a statement expressing the map scale 1:62,500:3. Circle latitude in the following: 29 25' N 98 30' WA globe is a scale model of Earth.

9 A map is a symbolic repre-sentation of all or part of the planet. Cartographers are mapmak-ers. An imaginary line along the curve of Earth is called a great circle route. A map projection projects the round Earth onto a flat surface. The three basic categories of map projections are planar, cylindrical, and conic. Interrupted projections resemble globes that have been cut apart and laid flat. On globes, a grid system is formed by lines of latitude and lines of longitude. Geographers divide Earth into halves, called hemispheres. North of the Equator is the Northern Hemisphere; south of the Equator is the Southern Hemisphere; east of the Prime Meridian for 180 is the Eastern Hemisphere; and west for 180 is the Western map key explains symbols, colors, and lines used on a map; a scale bar shows the relationship between map measure-ments and actual distances on Earth; a compass rose indicates the four cardinal directions and sometimes intermediate direc-tions.

10 Scale relates measurements on a map with those on Earth s surface. A line of latitude crossing a line of longitude is the absolute location. The location of one place in relation to another is relative 14/3/07 10:41:24 AM4/3/07 10:41:24 AMCopyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, the correct type of map for each purpose: physical, thematic or driving from New York City to Orlando, Florida2. identifying the major agricultural products of the United States3. identifying desert areas of South Asia2 Chapter 1, Section 1 Types of Maps (page 12)Physical maps show the location and topography, or shape of Earth s physical features. Physical maps show water features, such as rivers, streams, and lakes; and landforms, such as mountains, plains, plateaus, and valleys.