Transcription of Reading Essentials and Note-Taking Guide
1 Reading Essentials and Note-Taking GuideSTUDENT WORKBOOKWGC 08_RENTGSW_RP_878389 1 WGC 08_RENTGSW_RP_878389 14/3/07 11:57:16 AM4/3/07 11:57:16 AMTo the StudentThe world geography and Cultures Reading Essentials and Note-Taking Guide is designed to help you use recognized Reading strategies to improve your Reading -for-information skills. For each section of the student textbook, you are alerted to key content. Then, you are asked to draw from prior knowledge, organize your thoughts with a graphic organizer, and fol-low a process to read and understand the text. The Reading Essentials and Note-Taking Guide was prepared to help you get more from your textbook by Reading with a purpose. Copyright by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Permission is granted to reproduce the material contained herein on the condition that such material be reproduced only for classroom use; be provided to students, teachers, and families without charge; and be used solely in conjunction with the world geography and Cultures program.
2 Any other reproduction, for sale or other use, is expressly all inquiries to:Glencoe/McGraw-Hill8787 Orion PlaceColumbus, OH 43240-4027 ISBN: 978-0-07-878389-0 MHID: 0-07-878389-5 Printed in the United States of America1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 047 10 09 08 ii4/3/07 10:34:57 AM4/3/07 10:34:57 AMTable of ContentsChapter 1 How Geographers Look at the WorldSection 1: geography Handbook ..1 Section 2: The Geographer s Craft ..4 Chapter 2 The Physical WorldSection 1: Planet Earth ..7 Section 2: Forces of Change .. 10 Section 3: Earth s Water .. 13 Chapter 3 Climates of the EarthSection 1: Earth-Sun Relationships .. 16 Section 2: Factors Affecting Climate .. 19 Section 3: world Climate Patterns .. 22 Chapter 4 The Human WorldSection 1: world Population .. 25 Section 2: Global Cultures .. 28 Section 3: Political and Economic Systems .. 31 Section 4: Resources, Trade, and the Environment.
3 34 Chapter 5 Physical geography of the United States and CanadaSection 1: The Land .. 37 Section 2: Climate and Vegetation .. 40 Chapter 6 Cultural geography of the United States and CanadaSection 1: The United States .. 43 Section 2: Canada .. 46 Chapter 7 The Region Today: The United States and CanadaSection 1: The Economy .. 49 Section 2: People and Their Environment .. 52 Chapter 8 Physical geography of Latin AmericaSection 1: The Land .. 55 Section 2: Climate and Vegetation .. 58 Chapter 9 Cultural geography of Latin AmericaSection 1: Mexico .. 61 Section 2: Central America and the 64 Section 3: South America .. 67 Chapter 10 The Region Today: Latin AmericaSection 1: The Economy .. 70 Section 2: People and Their Environment .. 73 Chapter 11 Physical geography of EuropeSection 1: The Land .. 76 Section 2: Climate and Vegetation .. 79 Chapter 12 Cultural geography of EuropeSection 1: Northern Europe.
4 82 Section 2: Western Europe .. 85 Section 3: Southern Europe .. 88 Section 4: Eastern Europe .. iii4/3/07 10:34:58 AM4/3/07 10:34:58 AMChapter 13 The Region Today: EuropeSection 1: The Economy .. 94 Section 2: People and Their Environment .. 97 Chapter 14 Physical geography of RussiaSection 1: The Land .. 100 Section 2: Climate and Vegetation .. 103 Chapter 15 Cultural geography of RussiaSection 1: Population and Culture .. 106 Section 2: History and 109 Chapter 16 The Region Today: RussiaSection 1: The Economy .. 112 Section 2: People and Their Environment .. 115 Chapter 17 Physical geography of North Africa, Southwest Asia, and Central AsiaSection 1: The Land .. 118 Section 2: Climate and Vegetation .. 121 Chapter 18 Cultural geography of North Africa, Southwest Asia, and Central AsiaSection 1: North Africa .. 124 Section 2: The Eastern Mediterranean .. 127 Section 3: The Northeast.
5 130 Section 4: The Arabian Peninsula .. 133 Section 5: Central Asia .. 136 Chapter 19 The Region Today: North Africa, Southwest Asia, and Central AsiaSection 1: The Economy .. 139 Section 2: People and Their Environment .. 142 Chapter 20 Physical geography of Africa South of the SaharaSection 1: The Land .. 145 Section 2: Climate and Vegetation .. 148 Chapter 21 Cultural geography of Africa South of the SaharaSection 1: The Sahel .. 151 Section 2: East Africa .. 154 Section 3: West Africa .. 157 Section 4: Central Africa .. 160 Section 5: Southern Africa .. 163 Chapter 22 The Region Today: Africa South of the SaharaSection 1: The Economy .. 166 Section 2: People and Their Environment .. 169 Chapter 23 Physical geography of South AsiaSection 1: The Land .. 172 Section 2: Climate and Vegetation .. iv4/3/07 10:34:58 AM4/3/07 10:34:58 AM vChapter 24 Cultural geography of South AsiaSection 1: India.
6 178 Section 2: Pakistan and Bangladesh .. 181 Section 3: Nepal, Bhutan, Maldives, and Sri Lanka .. 184 Chapter 25 The Region Today: South AsiaSection 1: The Economy .. 187 Section 2: People and Their Environment .. 190 Chapter 26 Physical geography of East AsiaSection 1: The Land .. 193 Section 2: Climate and Vegetation .. 196 Chapter 27 Cultural geography of East AsiaSection 1: China .. 199 Section 2: Japan .. 202 Section 3: North Korea and South Korea .. 205 Chapter 28 The Region Today: East AsiaSection 1: The Economy .. 208 Section 2: People and Their Environment .. 211 Chapter 29 Physical geography of Southeast AsiaSection 1: The Land .. 214 Section 2: Climate and Vegetation .. 217 Chapter 30 Cultural geography of Southeast AsiaSection 1: Mainland Southeast Asia .. 220 Section 2: Island Southeast Asia .. 223 Chapter 31 The Region Today: Southeast AsiaSection 1: The Economy .. 226 Section 2: People and Their Environment.
7 229 Chapter 32 Physical geography of Australia, Oceania, and AntarcticaSection 1: The Land .. 232 Section 2: Climate and Vegetation .. 235 Chapter 33 Cultural geography of Australia and OceaniaSection 1: Australia and New Zealand .. 238 Section 2: Oceania .. 241 Chapter 34 The Region Today: Australia and OceaniaSection 1: The Economy .. 244 Section 2: People and Their Environment .. v4/3/07 10:34:58 AM4/3/07 10:34:58 vi4/3/07 10:34:58 AM4/3/07 10:34:58 AMCopyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, 1, Section 1 1 Chapter 1, Section 1 (Pages 4 15) geography HandbookGeography skills provide the tools for understanding relationships between people, places, and a chart like the one below to identify the continents in each hemi-sphere. Continents may appear in more than one and Maps (page 5)Read the section and answer the questions:1. Geographic infor-mation is shown most accurately on a.
8 2. Write a statement expressing the map scale 1:62,500:3. Circle latitude in the following: 29 25' N 98 30' WA globe is a scale model of Earth. A map is a symbolic repre-sentation of all or part of the planet. Cartographers are mapmak-ers. An imaginary line along the curve of Earth is called a great circle route. A map projection projects the round Earth onto a flat surface. The three basic categories of map projections are planar, cylindrical, and conic. Interrupted projections resemble globes that have been cut apart and laid flat. On globes, a grid system is formed by lines of latitude and lines of longitude. Geographers divide Earth into halves, called hemispheres. North of the Equator is the Northern Hemisphere; south of the Equator is the Southern Hemisphere; east of the Prime Meridian for 180 is the Eastern Hemisphere; and west for 180 is the Western map key explains symbols, colors, and lines used on a map; a scale bar shows the relationship between map measure-ments and actual distances on Earth; a compass rose indicates the four cardinal directions and sometimes intermediate direc-tions.
9 Scale relates measurements on a map with those on Earth s surface. A line of latitude crossing a line of longitude is the absolute location. The location of one place in relation to another is relative 14/3/07 10:41:24 AM4/3/07 10:41:24 AMCopyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, the correct type of map for each purpose: physical, thematic or driving from New York City to Orlando, Florida2. identifying the major agricultural products of the United States3. identifying desert areas of South Asia2 Chapter 1, Section 1 Types of Maps (page 12)Physical maps show the location and topography, or shape of Earth s physical features. Physical maps show water features, such as rivers, streams, and lakes; and landforms, such as mountains, plains, plateaus, and valleys. Shading and texture are used to show general relief, differences in elevation, or height, of landforms.
10 Some physical maps also show political features, such as boundary lines, countries, and states. Political maps show the boundaries and locations of political units such as countries, states, counties, cities, and towns. Many fea-tures, including boundaries, capitals, cities, roads, highways, and rail-roads, are human-made, or determined by humans rather than nature. Physical features may also be shown on political maps. Nonsubject areas are usually set apart by a different maps emphasize a single idea or a particular kind of information. Qualitative maps show information related to a spe-cific idea. Flow-line maps illustrate the movement of people, ani-mals, goods, and ideas, as well as physical modern geographers use computers with software pro-grams called geographic information systems (GIS) to make maps. A GIS accepts data from different sources maps, satellite images, printed text, and statistics and converts the data into digital code, which arranges it in a database.
