Reading Essentials and Study Guide - Student Edition

1 Reading Essentials and Study GuideStudent WorkbookCopyright by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Permission is granted toreproduce the material contained herein on the condition that such material be reproduced onlyfor classroom use; be provided to students, teachers, and families without charge; and be usedsolely in conjunction with civics Today: Citizenship, Economics, and other reproduction,for use or sale, is prohibited without written permission from the all inquiries to:Glencoe/McGraw-Hill8787 Orion PlaceColumbus, OH 43240 ISBN 0-07-860532-6 Printed in the United States of America2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 047 09 08 07 06 05 04 03To the StudentThe civics Today.

2 Citizenship, Economics, and You Reading Essentials and Study Guideis designedto help you use recognized Reading strategies to improve your Reading -for-information each section of the Student textbook, you are alerted to key terms, asked to draw fromprior knowledge, organize your thoughts with a graphic organizer, and then follow aprocess to read and understand the text. The Reading Essentials and Study Guidewas preparedto help you get more from your textbook by Reading with a 1 Section 1: Government of the People, by the People, for the 2: The Path to 3: The Diversity of 2 Section 1: Our English 2: The Birth of a Democratic 3: The Nation s First 3 Section 1: The Road to the 2: Creating and Ratifying the 3: The Structure of the 4: Principles Underlying the 4 Section 1: The First 2: Other Guarantees in the Bill of 3: Extending the Bill of 4: The Civil Rights 5 Section 1: The Duties and Responsibilities of 2: Volunteering in Your 6 Section 1: How Congress Is 2: The Powers of 3: Representing the 4.

3 How a Bill Becomes a 7 Section 1: The President and Vice 2: The President s 3: Making Foreign 4: Presidential Advisers and Executive 8 Section 1: The Federal Court 2: How Federal Courts Are 3: The United States Supreme 4: Deciding Cases at the Supreme 9 Section 1: Development of American Political 2: Organization of American Political 3: Role of Political Parties 10 Section 1: Who Can Vote?..121 Section 2: Election 3: Paying for Election 11 Section 1: Public 2: The Mass 3: Interest 12 Section 1: The Federal 2: The State Legislative 3: The State Executive 4: The State Judicial 13 Section 1: City 2: County 3: Towns, Townships, and 14 Section 1: How a Community Handles 2: Education and Social 3: Environmental 15 Section 1: The Sources of Our 2: Types of 3: The American Legal 16 Section 1: Civil 2: Criminal 3: Young People and the 17 Section 1: Civic 2: Challenges for 3: Regulating the 18 Section 1: The Fundamental Economic 2: Making Economic 3: Being an Economically Smart 19 Section 1: Economic 2: Economic Activity and 3.

4 Capitalism and Free 4: The Economy and 20 Section 1: What Is Demand?..240 Section 2: Factors Affecting 21 Section 1: What Is Supply?..247 Section 2: Factors Affecting 3: Markets and 22 Section 1: Types of 2: Labor 3: Businesses in Our 23 Section 1: The Role of 2: Measuring the 3: Government, the Economy, and 24 Section 1: What Is Money?..280 Section 2: The Federal Reserve 3: How Banks 25 Section 1: The Federal 2: State and Local 3: Managing the 26 Section 1: International Trade and Its 2: Economic 3: Economies in 27 Section 1: Types of 2: A Profile of Great 3: A Profile of 28 Section 1: Global 2: The United 3: Democracy and Human FROM EXPERIENCEIIWhat do you think of when you hear the word citizen?

5 Are you acitizen? What are you a citizen of? What rights do you think you haveas a citizen?In this section, you will learn the purposes of having a will also learn what the characteristics of a democratic YOUR THOUGHTSIIUse the diagram on the next page to help you take notes. TheAmerican democratic government has several characteristics. List twoimportant characteristics in the by The McGraw-Hill Companies, use with textbook pages 6 12 Government of the People, by the People, for the PeopleName Date Class Chapter 1, Section 1 KEY TERMS civicsthe Study of the rights and duties of citizens (page 6)citizena member of a community with loyalty to and protection from the government (page 6)governmentthe ruling authority for a community (page 7)public policya course of government action to achieve community goals (page 9)

6 Budgeta plan for collecting and spending money(page 9)dictatorshipa government controlled by one person or a small group of people (page 10)democracya government in which the people rule (page 10)direct democracya government in which all the citizens met to debate government matters andvote firsthand (page 10)representative democracya government in which the citizens choose a smaller group to repre-sent them, make laws, and govern on their behalf (page 10)majority rulea principle of democracy in which differences of opinion are settled by what mostpeople want (page 11)READ TO LEARNII What Is civics ? (page 6)The Study of the rights and duties of citizens is called ideaof citizenship goes back to ancient Greece and Rome.

7 There, only menwho owned property were considered citizens. They enjoyed privilegesthat common people did not , owning property is not required for citizenship. Most peopleare citizens of the country in which they live. Citizensare members of acommunity who owe loyalty to the government and receive protectionfrom it. Citizens of a country often share a common history, customs,and values. They also agree to follow rules and accept the government do citizens of a country often share? The Need for Government (page 7)The ruling authority for a community is a has thepower to make and enforce laws. People have formed governments forhundreds of years. Without governments, there would be no one to2 Copyright by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Date Class Chapter 1, Section 1 (continued) of anAmerican Democracymake and enforce laws.

8 People would live in a state of confusion and fear. People would have to meet all their needs on their helps people live together peacefully and helps peoplemeet their do people form governments? The Functions of Government (page 7)Governments have several purposes. They help keep order and pro-vide security. Governments make laws to prevent conflicts. They havethe power to enforce the laws, so they can settle conflicts that help provide security for their citizens. They help defendcitizens and their land from enemies. They do this by setting up armedforces and other organizations that keep tabs on possible sources provide services that people could not provide on theirown. These include libraries, schools, transportation systems, mail deliv-ery, and water supplies.

9 Some government services, such as ambulanceservices and fire departments, help keep the public healthy and also help needy people. Most states provide poor familieswith food and cash. Government agencies also provide services such ashousing and job purpose of government is to make public pol-icy defines community goals and sets up ways to reach these community leaders set goals such as protecting consumers, theyare making public policy goals. When they pass laws or make guidelines3 Copyright by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Date Class Chapter 1, Section 1 (continued)to meet these goals, they are making public policy.

10 Public policy gener-ally includes the need for money. Because governments have limitedamounts of money, they have to use it wisely. To do so governmentsmake up a budget,or a plan for collecting and spending also have to work to develop relations with other com-munities and countries. Good relations are necessary for trade, travel,and agreements between communities, states, or do governments set up budgets? Levels of Government (page 9)Most countries have several levels of government. In the UnitedStates, the highest level of government is the national government. Itmakes and carries out laws for the entire nation. State governments arethe next level of government. Each state government decides mattersfor people in that state.