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Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing, and ...

Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing, andPublication of Scholarly Work in Medical JournalsUpdated December 2017I. About the RecommendationsA. Purpose of the RecommendationsB. Who Should Use the Recommendations ?C. History of the RecommendationsII. Roles and Responsibilities of Authors, Contributors,Reviewers, Editors, Publishers, and OwnersA. Defining the Role of Authors and Contributors1. Why Authorship Matters2. Who Is an Author?3. Non-Author ContributorsB. Author Responsibilities Conflicts of Interest1.

Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing, and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals Updated December 2017 I. About the Recommendations

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1 Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing, andPublication of Scholarly Work in Medical JournalsUpdated December 2017I. About the RecommendationsA. Purpose of the RecommendationsB. Who Should Use the Recommendations ?C. History of the RecommendationsII. Roles and Responsibilities of Authors, Contributors,Reviewers, Editors, Publishers, and OwnersA. Defining the Role of Authors and Contributors1. Why Authorship Matters2. Who Is an Author?3. Non-Author ContributorsB. Author Responsibilities Conflicts of Interest1.

2 Participantsa. Authorsb. Peer Reviewersc. Editors and Journal Staff2. Reporting Conflicts of InterestC. Responsibilities in the Submission and Peer-ReviewProcess1. Authorsa. Predatory Journals2. Journalsa. Confidentialityb. Timelinessc. Peer Reviewd. Integrity3. Peer ReviewersD. Journal Owners and Editorial Freedom1. Journal Owners2. Editorial FreedomE. Protection of Research ParticipantsIII. Publishing and Editorial Issues Related to Publicationin Medical JournalsA. Corrections and Version ControlB. Scientific Misconduct, Expressions of Concern,and RetractionC.

3 CopyrightD. Overlapping Publications1. Duplicate Submission2. Duplicate Publication3. Acceptable Secondary Publication4. Manuscripts Based on the Same DatabaseE. CorrespondenceF. FeesG. Supplements, Theme Issues, and Special SeriesH. Sponsorship of PartnershipsI. Electronic PublishingJ. AdvertisingK. Journals and the MediaL. Clinical Trialsi. Registrationii. Data SharingIV. Manuscript Preparation and SubmissionA. Preparing a Manuscript for Submission to a Med-ical Journal1. General Principles2. Reporting Guidelines3.

4 Manuscript Sectionsa. Title Pageb. Abstractc. Introductiond. Methodsi. Selection and Description of Participantsii. Technical Informationiii. Statisticse. Resultsf. Discussiong. Referencesi. General Considerationsii. Style and Formath. Tablesi. Illustrations (Figures)j. Units of Measurementk. Abbreviations and SymbolsB. Sending the Manuscript to the JournalI. ABOUT THERECOMMENDATIONSA. Purpose of the RecommendationsICMJE developed these Recommendations to reviewbest practice and ethical standards in the conduct and re-porting of research and other material published in medicaljournals, and to help authors, editors, and others involvedin peer review and biomedical publishing create and dis-tribute accurate, clear, reproducible, unbiased medical journalarticles.

5 The Recommendations may also provide useful in-sights into the medical editing and publishing process for themedia, patients and their families, and general Who Should Use the Recommendations ?These Recommendations are intended primarily for useby authors who might submit their work for publication toICMJE member journals. Many non-ICMJE journals vol-untarily use these Recommendations (see ). The ICMJE encourages that use but hasno authority to monitor or enforce it. In all cases, authorsshould use these Recommendations along with individualjournals instructions to authors.

6 Authors should also con-sult guidelines for the reporting of specific study types( , the CONSORT guidelines for the reporting of ran-domized trials); see S 61 1/12/18 11:40 Art:Journals that follow these Recommendations are en-couraged to incorporate them into their instructions toauthors and to make explicit in those instructions that theyfollow ICMJE Recommendations . Journals that wish to beidentified on the ICMJE website as following these recom-mendations should notify the ICMJE secretariat via e-mailat Journals that in the past have re-quested such identification but who no longer followICMJE Recommendations should use the same means torequest removal from this ICMJE encourages wide dissemination of theserecommendations and reproduction of this document in itsentirety for educational, not-for-profit purposes withoutregard for copyright.

7 But all uses of the recommendationsand document should direct readers to forthe official, most recent version, as the ICMJE updates therecommendations periodically when new issues History of the RecommendationsThe ICMJE has produced multiple editions of thisdocument, previously known as the Uniform Require-ments for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals(URMs). The URM was first published in 1978 as a wayof standardizing manuscript format and preparation acrossjournals. Over the years, issues in publishing that went wellbeyond manuscript preparation arose, resulting in the de-velopment of separate statements, up-dates to the docu-ment, and its renaming as Recommendations for theConduct, Reporting, Editing, and Publication of ScholarlyWork in Medical Journals to reflect its broader versions of the document may be found in the Archives section of ROLES ANDRESPONSIBILITIES OFAUTHORS,CONTRIBUTORS,REVIEWERS,EDITORS ,PUBLISHERS,ANDOWNERSA.

8 Defining the Role of Authors and Contributors1. Why Authorship MattersAuthorship confers credit and has important aca-demic, social, and financial implications. Authorship alsoimplies responsibility and accountability for publishedwork. The following Recommendations are intended toensure that contributors who have made substantive intel-lectual contributions to a paper are given credit as authors,but also that contributors credited as authors understandtheir role in taking responsibility and being accountable forwhat is authorship does not communicate what con-tributions qualified an individual to be an author.

9 Somejournals now request and publish information about thecontributions of each person named as having participatedin a submitted study, at least for original research. Editorsare strongly encouraged to develop and implement a con-tributorship policy. Such policies remove much of the am-biguity surrounding contributions, but leave unresolvedthe question of the quantity and quality of contributionthat qualify an individual for authorship. The ICMJE hasthus developed criteria for authorship that can be used byall journals, including those that distinguish authors fromother Who Is an Author?

10 The ICMJE recommends that authorship be based onthe following 4 criteria:1. Substantial contributions to the conception or de-sign of the work; or the acquisition, analysis, or interpre-tation of data for the work; AND2. Drafting the work or revising it critically for im-portant intellectual content; AND3. Final approval of the version to be published; AND4. Agreement to be accountable for all aspects of thework in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy orintegrity of any part of the work are appropriately investi-gated and addition to being accountable for the parts of thework he or she has done, an author should be able toidentify which co-authors are responsible for specific otherparts of the work.


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