Reliability Engineer's Toolkit

1 Rome Laboratory Reliability Engineer's Toolkit April 1993 j* ROME LABORATORY Reliability Engineer's Toolkit April 1993 An Application Oriented Guide for the Practicing Reliability engineer Systems Reliability Division Rome Laboratory Air Force Materiel Command (AFMC) 525 Brooks Rd. Griffiss AFB, NY 13441-4505 QUICK REFERENCE Quick Reference Application Index How Do ? Understand the Principles of TQM 2 Understand Basic DoD R&M Policy and Procedures 7 Develop Quantitative Requirements Reliability (R) 11 Maintainability (M) 17 Testability (T)

2 20 Tailor R&M Task Requirements 23 R&M Task Application/Priorities 25 Develop a Contract Data Requirements List 26 Specify Information To Be Included in Proposals 28 Evaluate Contractor Proposals 31 Specify Part Stress Derating 37 Determine the Limitations of Common Cooling Techniques 44 Understand Basic Parts Control 46 Identify Key R&M&T Topics for Evaluation at Design Reviews 55 Evaluate Contactor's Method of Managing Critical Items 62 Understand Design Concerns Associated with Dormant Conditions 63

3 Understand Basic SMT Design Issues 66 Evaluate Power Supply Reliability 67 Determine Part Failure Modes and Mechanisms 69 Evaluate Fiber Optic Reliability 73 Understand R&M&T Analysis Types and Purposes 77 Understand Reliability Prediction Methods 80 Understand Maintainability Prediction Methods 81 Understand Testability Analysis Methods 84 Evaluate a Reliability Prediction Report 85 Evaluate Existing Reliability Data 86 Evaluate a Maintainability/Testability Analysis Report 87 Evaluate a Failure Modes.

4 Effects and Criticality Analyses Report 88 Approximate the Reliability of Redundant Configurations 89 Perform a Quick (Parts Count) Reliability Prediction 92 Adjust Reliability Data for Different Conditions 105 Predict the Reliability of SMT Designs 108 Understand Finite Element Analysis Application 113 Estimate IC Junction Temperatures for Common Cooling Techniques 115 Understand Sneak Circuit Analysis Application 119 ROME LABORATORY Reliability Engineer's Toolkit i QUICK REFERENCE

5 Estimate Reliability tor Dormant Conditions 122 Estimate Software Reliability 124 Develop an Environmental Stress Screening (ESS) Program 129 Select a Reliability Qualification Test 134 Select a Maintainability Qualification Test 136 Select a Testability Demonstration Test 137 Evaluate a Failure Reporting and Corrective Action System 138 Evaluate a Reliability Demonstration Test Plan 140 Evaluate a Reliability Demonstration Test Procedure 144

6 Evaluate a Maintainability Test Plan and Procedure 145 Participate in R&M Testing 146 Evaluate R&M Demonstration Test Reports 147 Understand Basic Design of Experiments Concepts 148 Understand Basic Accelerated Life Testing Concepts 153 Become Aware of Time Stress Measure Devices 159 For more Help Appendices How Do Translate User Needs to R&M Requirements A-1 Develop SOW and Specification Requirements (Example) A-7 Become Aware of Available R&M Software Tools A-17 Develop Design Guidelines (Example)

7 A-23 Select a MIL-HDBK-781 Test Plan A-37 Calculate Confidence Intervals A-43 Calculate the Probability of Failure Occurrence A-46 Understand Reliability Growth Testing A-51 Select a MIL-STD-471 Test Plan A-61 Find more R&M Data A-67 Find R&M Related Electronic Bulletin Boards A-72 Obtain R&M Training A-75 Obtain R&M Periodicals A-76 Become Aware of R&M Symposia and Workshops A-76 Become Aware of R&M Specifications.

8 Standards, Handbooks and Rome Laboratory Technical Reports A-81 Understand Common Acronyms A-95 ROME LABORATORY Reliability Engineer's Toolkit FOREWORD FOREWORD The original RADC (now Rome Laboratory) Reliability Engineer's Toolkit , July 1988, proved to be a best seller among military, industry and academic Reliability practitioners. Over 10,000 copies were distributed and the Toolkit and its authors received the 1989 Federal Laboratory Consortium Special Award for Excellence in Technology Transfer. This updated version, completed in-house at the Systems Reliability Division, contains new topics on accelerated testing, thermal analysis, surface mount technology, design of experiments, hardware/software Reliability , component failure modes/mechanisms, dormancy, and sneak analysis.

9 Revisions and updates in most other areas were also made. This revision was led by a project team consisting of Bruce Dudley, Seymour Morris, Dan Richard and myself. We acknowledge the fine support we received from technical contributors Frank Born, Tim Donovan, Barry McKinney, George Lyne, Bill Bocchi, Gretchen Bivens, Doug Holzhauer, Ed DePalma, Joe Caroli, Rich Hyle, Tom Fennell, Duane Gilmour, Joyce Jecen, Jim Ryan, Dr. Roy Stratton, Dr. Warren Debany, Dan Fayette, and Chuck Messenger. We also thank typists Elaine Baker and Wendy Stoquert and the Reliability Analysis Center's Macintosh Whiz, Jeanne Crowell. Your comments are always welcome. If you wish to throw bouquets, these people should receive them. If it's bricks you're heaving, aim them at Bruce, Seymour, or me at the address below. ^ Anthony J.

10 Feduccia Rome Laboratory/ERS 525 Brooks Road Griffiss AFB, NY 13441-4505 ROME LABORATORY Reliability Engineer's Toolkit iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents Introduction 1 Requirements R1 Quantitative Reliability Requirements 11 R2 Quantitative Maintainability Requirements 17 R3 Quantitative Testability/Diagnostic Requirements 20 R4 Program Phase Terminology 23 R5