Report of the Working Group on Horticulture, …

1 Report of the Working Group onHorticulture, plantation Cropsand organic Farmingfor the XI Five Year Plan (2007-12)CONTENTS Page Numbers Preface Executive Summary i Chapter I: Status Of horticulture 1 horticulture Redefined 1 Status Of horticulture Industry In India 2 1. 3 Status Of Fruit Crops 4 Status Of Vegetable Crops 17 Status Of Mushrooms 24 Status Of Spice Crops 24 Status Of Ornamental Crops 27 Status Of Medicinal And Aromatic Crops 29 Status Of plantation Crops 31 Conclusions 40 Chapter

2 II: Horticultural Research Introduction 47 Research Infrastructure 47 Varieties Developed 48 Improved Propagation Methods 54 Micropropagation 55 Biotechnology 56 Improved

3 Production Technologies 56 Use Of Plant Bio-Regulators 57 Canopy Management 58 Irrigation 58 Protected Cultivation 58 High Density Planting 58 Standardization of Rootstocks 59 Use of INM and biofertilisers 59 Use Of Bio-Control Agents 60 Micro-Irrigation & Fertigation 60 Protected Cultivation 60 Mulching 61 Plant

4 Protection, IPM and Pesticide Residues 61 Post Harvest Management 62 Mechanization 63 Major Crop Specific Problems 63 Plan Thrust Areas of Research 66 Chapter III: horticulture Development History and Infrastructure 67 Budgetary Allocation 70 Programmes and Progress 71 Chapter IV.

5 Planting Material Importance 120 Propagation Methods In Horticultural Crops 120 Existing Infrastructure 121 Status Of Nurseries In The Country 122 Seed Act And Nurseries Registration Act 123 Major Initiative By States 124 X Plan Programmes 125 Certification Mechanism For Plant Material 127 Constraints In Development Of Planting Material 131 Projections For XI Plan 132 Budget Allocation for Creating Facilities under 148 Planting Material During XI Plan Chapter V: horticulture Biotechnology Introduction 149 Micropropagation Industry in India 149 Other Biotechnology Initiatives 156 Programmes Under National horticulture Mission 161 Programmes Proposed For XI Plan 162 Financial Outlay For Horticultural Biotechnological R&D 166 During XI Plan Chapter VI.

6 High-Tech Interventions Introduction 167 High Density Planting 168 Use of Plastics In horticulture 173 Integrated Nutrient Management 184 Integrated Pest And Disease Management 199 Precision Farming 206 Chapter VII: organic Farming Introduction 210 organic Programme And Performance During X Plan 211 Other Schemes On organic horticulture And Plantations 215 organic Farming During XI Plan 216 Implementation Mechanism 221 Chapter VIII.

7 Post Harvest Management Introduction 224 Post Harvest Losses 224 Causes Of Post Harvest Losses 225 Status Of Post-Harvest Infrastructure 226 Interventions To Combat Post Harvest Losses 228 Ripening Requirements 236 Supply Chain Management 237 Value Added Products 237 Governmental Initiatives 240 Policy Intervention 242 Suggested Modifications 242 Human Resources Development 246 Technology Transfer 246 Chapter IX.

8 Marketing Present Marketing Structure 248 Strategy For Agricultural Marketing 249 Progress Of Reforms In Agricultural Markets 253 Policy Interventions 253 Suggested Modifications In The Existing Schemes/ Proposed 255 And New Schemes For The XI Five Year Plan Infrastructure Proposed 257 Chapter X: Exports, Imports and WTO Exports 259 Imports 285 WTO 286 Budget Requirement 287 Chapter XI.

9 Technology Transfer Introduction 288 Status Of Extension System And Programmes 290 Small And Marginal Farmers And Women In horticulture 290 Constraints In Technology Dissemination 293 Strategies For Revitalizing Transfer Of Technology 293 System In horticulture Capacity Building For Technology Utilization 296 Specific Recommendations 296 Budget Requirement 298 Chapter XII: Human Resource Development In horticulture Human Resource Development 300 horticulture Information System And Database 308 Recommendations 310 Chapter XIII.

10 Horticultural Database Introduction 312 Present Status Of Horticultural Data 313 Reliability Of Data 314 Constraints For Data Collection And Compilation 314 Remedial Measures 315 Proposals For Xi Plan 316 Chapter XIV: Risk Management, Credit And Public Private Investment Risk Management 320 Credit 323 Public Private Investment 329 Chapter XV : Eleventh Plan Programmes, Budget And Plocy Issues Introduction 332 Recommendation On X