Review of Demilitarisation and Disposal Techniques for ...

1 MSIAC/ nato /PfP UNCLASSIFIED - MSIAC 2005 RELEASABLE TO nato AC/326 COUNTRIES nato Headquarters - Si ge de l'OTAN B-1110 Bruxelles - Belgique Tel: 32(2) - Fax: 32(2) - Email: Website: Munitions Safety Information Analysis Center Centre d'information et d'analyse sur la s curit des munitions MSIAC/ nato /PfP UNCLASSIFIED - MSIAC 2005 RELEASABLE TO nato AC/326 COUNTRIES L-118 January 2006 by Josh Wilkinson, Royal Australian Navy and Duncan Watt, TSO, MSIAC This document has been prepared for MSIAC member nations. Disclosure of the contents to other nations must be authorised by the MSIAC Steering Committee.

2 Review OF Demilitarisation AND Disposal Techniques FOR MUNITIONS AND RELATED MATERIALS MSIAC/ nato /PfP UNCLASSIFIED - MSIAC 2005 RELEASABLE TO nato AC/326 COUNTRIES MSIAC/ nato /PfP UNCLASSIFIED - MSIAC 2005 RELEASABLE TO nato AC/326 COUNTRIES - i - Neither MSIAC nor the participating Nations can guarantee nor warrant the adequacy, accuracy, currency or completeness of the Technical Information contained in this document. MSIAC/ nato /PfP UNCLASSIFIED - MSIAC 2005 RELEASABLE TO nato AC/326 COUNTRIES MSIAC/ nato /PfP UNCLASSIFIED - MSIAC 2005 RELEASABLE TO nato AC/326 COUNTRIES - ii - TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents ii Table of Figures iv Table of Tables iv 1 Executive Summary 1 2 Introduction 4 3 Glossary.

3 Acronyms and Abbreviations 4 4 Environmental Impact and Regulation 10 Dumping 10 Sea Dumping 10 Other Dumping 11 Hazards from Dumpsites 11 Thermal Disposal Impact and Regulation 13 Modes of Impact

4 13 Open Burning and Open Detonation 14 Incineration 17 Other Industrial Treatments 20 Treatment of Pink Water 20 5 Transport Regulation 22

5 Military Munitions Rule (USA) 22 International Transport 23 Basel Convention 23 EU

6 Regulation 23 Interstate Transport 24 Australia 24 United States 24 6 Demilitarisation and Disposal Techniques 25 Standards 25 Reviews 26 Overview 27 Disassembly and Removal

7 33 Mechanical Methods 33 Fluid Jets 33 Meltout 39 Cryofracture 43 Cryocycling 43

8 Ultrasonic 44 Laser cutting and machining 44 Destruction 45 Open Burning 45 Open Detonation 46 Contained Detonation 48

9 Contained Burn 51 Incineration 53 Oxidation 64 Biodegradation