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Review of Higher Education in South Africa

Council on Higher Education Review of Higher Education in South Africa Selected Themes August 2007. Council on Higher Education Review of Higher Education in South Africa Selected Themes i Review of Higher Education in South Africa Published by: The Council on Higher Education Didacta Building 211 Skinner Street Pretoria South Africa PO Box 13354. The Tramshed 0126. South Africa Tel. +27 12 392 9100. Fax. +27 12 392 9110. Web site: ISBN: 978-1-919856-61-2. Date of Publication: August 2007. Material from this publication may not be reproduced without the CHE's permission. Council on Higher Education , Pretoria This project and publication has been made possible by the support of the Rockefeller Foundation.

Review of Higher Education in South Africa Published by: The Council on Higher Education Didacta Building 211 Skinner Street Pretoria South Africa PO Box 13354

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Transcription of Review of Higher Education in South Africa

1 Council on Higher Education Review of Higher Education in South Africa Selected Themes August 2007. Council on Higher Education Review of Higher Education in South Africa Selected Themes i Review of Higher Education in South Africa Published by: The Council on Higher Education Didacta Building 211 Skinner Street Pretoria South Africa PO Box 13354. The Tramshed 0126. South Africa Tel. +27 12 392 9100. Fax. +27 12 392 9110. Web site: ISBN: 978-1-919856-61-2. Date of Publication: August 2007. Material from this publication may not be reproduced without the CHE's permission. Council on Higher Education , Pretoria This project and publication has been made possible by the support of the Rockefeller Foundation.

2 The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily represent the views of the CHE. Review of Higher Education in South Africa ii CONTENTS. Foreword ..vi Acknowledgements ..vii Introduction by the editors ..1. 1. The major research claims ..3. Public funding of Higher Education in South Africa by means of formulae ..11. 1. Introduction ..11. 2. Benefits of state subsidization of Higher Education institutions by means of a formula ..12. 3. The evolution of funding mechanisms for universities and technikons since 1951 ..13. 4. The new funding framework (NFF) for public Higher Education ..30. 5. Subsidy formulae for HE in South Africa classified according to Jongbloed's two dimensions.

3 48. 6. Conclusion ..49. Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) and South African Higher Education : understanding/s (of) the landscape ..53. 1. Introduction ..53. 2. Policies and structures ..55. 3. Practitioner-based notions of ICTs in South African Higher Education ..58. 4. Interpretations of ICT and Higher Education change ..59. 5. Key issues ..66. 6. Conclusion ..71. iii Systemic governance, public accountability and institutional autonomy ..77. 1. Introduction ..77. 2. Deliberative democracy ..81. 3. Deliberation and the university ..85. 4. Governance and regulation of Higher Education ..88. 5. Conclusion: Conditional autonomy and academic freedom.

4 92. Institutional culture as keyword ..97. 1. Introduction ..97. 2. The emergence of organizational culture ..99. 3. From organizational to institutional culture ..104. 4. Institutional culture(s) in South Africa ..106. 5. Conclusion ..114. Equity access and success: Adult learners in public Higher Education ..123. 1. Introduction ..123. 2. Who is an adult learner? ..127. 3. Key themes on adult learners within Higher Education : An overview of the literature ..128. 4. Research methodology and design ..133. 5. Access and participation of adult learners across the public Higher Education system ..134. 6. Adult learners in three institutions.

5 138. 7. Issues emerging across the case studies and the HEMIS data ..146. 8. Concluding remarks and observations ..149. Review of Higher Education in South Africa iv Tracing and explaining change in Higher Education : The South African case ..157. 1. Introduction ..157. 2. The knowledge base on Higher Education in South Africa ..158. 3. Higher Education performance in South Africa : A brief survey with respect to equity achievements ..160. 4. A case study of Higher Education change: The national qualifications framework ..165. 5. A case study of Higher Education change: Private Higher Education in South Africa , 1994 - 2004 ..174.

6 6. Explaining change in Higher Education ..179. 7. Conclusion ..182. v FOREWORD. The Council on Higher Education initiated this project in 2003 with generous funding from the Rockefeller Foundation. The original plan was to launch a Review of Higher Education which was to appear every three years to take stock of the most important trends identified in the Higher Education system in South Africa against the backdrop of trends and changes identifiable in other Higher Education systems in developed and developing countries. The transformation and restructuring of Higher Education in South Africa spans a number of issues, research into which could illuminate the intellectual, political and strategic concerns of a range of stakeholders.

7 This book is a selection of papers on some of those issues, to some extent reflecting the responses of authors to the CHE's call for proposals. The CHE continues to address a number of issues related to the transformation and restructuring of Higher Education through a range of investigations and publications. Because each chapter of the Review was going to be research-based, the Council on Higher Education proposed to the Rockefeller Foundation that the project should also be used as a capacity development opportunity for a new generation of researchers in the field of Higher Education . This was agreed to. The funds provided helped to support ten postgraduate students at the masters and doctoral level who were part of the research teams.

8 The Council on Higher Education appointed an editorial committee consisting of experienced scholars and academic managers from the Higher Education system. This committee took intellectual responsibility for the direction of the project. A project management team from the Monitoring and Evaluation Directorate of the CHE provided coordination, administrative and technical support to the editorial team and the six research groups which responded to the call for papers made by the CHE. Special thanks are due to the research teams and the editorial committee for their commitment and hard work and to the CHE appointed manager of the project, Mr Thierry Luescher, for his unfaltering support.

9 The book would not have seen the light of day without the persistence and hard work of Dr Lis Lange of the CHE. This book is the final product of an exercise which, for many reasons, including capacity, took much longer than expected. The CHE hopes that this publication will generate further discussion and research among Higher Education analysts, and officials from Higher Education and government. It is also hoped that the non-specialist public will find it useful to understand specific aspects of changes that have taken place in South African Higher Education since 1997. Dr Mala Singh Interim CEO: CHE. July 2007. Review of Higher Education in South Africa vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.

10 The Council on Higher Education acknowledges the contribution of the following Higher Education scholars and managers who constituted the editorial committee of the project. Originally they included: Prof. Thomas auf der Heyde Prof. Cheryl de la Rey Prof. Jonathan Jansen Prof. Thandwa Mtembu Prof. Mokubung Nkomo Dr Jairam Reddy Dr Mala Singh Prof. Saleem M Badat Dr Lis Lange and Ms Svava Bjarnason. We also appreciate the work of the peer reviewers who have commented on the draft research reports and/or draft chapters published in this volume. vii INTRODUCTION BY THE EDITORS. Since the demise of the apartheid order, South African Higher Education has seen massive changes which have left an indelible imprint on the system, its constituent institutions and practices.


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