Revised RDA for Indians 2010 - Nutrition …

1 1 Revised RDA for Indians2010(Report of the Expert Group of ICMR)Dr. B. Sesikeran, MD, FAMSD irectorNational Institute of Nutrition (Indian Council Medical Research)Hyderabad 500 007215thNovember, 2010 New Delhi3 Theamountofnutrientconsideredadequatetom eettheneedsofpracticallyallhealthypeople . TheRDAarebasedonscientificknowledge. PreparedbytheNationalNutritionAdvisoryCo mmittee(ICMR). ThecommitteerevisetheRDAevery10years. Providesaguidelinefornutrientintake,adeq uacy,preventingdeficiencyorexcessofapopu lation. Basis:NutrientintakeisassumedtofollowGau ssiandistribution,unlessitisknowntobeoth erwiseAv: MeanRDA: Mean + 2SD, case of energy no safe allowances are made, only average requirement is distributionDefAv Toxicity Nutrient IntakeULRDARDA -Basis EARSUL5 Components required to derive RDA Referencebodyweight Intake:NutrientintakeisassumedtofollowGa ussiandistribution,unlessitisknowntobeot herwise Bioavailability Healthywellbeing Basedonthemostrecentscientificevidencere view6 Comparisonof95thCentilevaluesofweight,he ightbyageandgenderRuralIndia(16 States)andWHO/MGRS medianvaluesMalesAge(years)FemalesWeight (kg)Height (cm) weight (kg)Height (cm) ( ) ( )1+ ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )2+ ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )3+ ( ) ( ) body weight for deriving RDAsICMR RDA ( 2010 )WHO Mean95% 7 REFERENCE BODY WEIGHTT hedefinitionforreferenceIndianadultmanan dwomanweremodifiedwithregardtoage(20-39y to18-29yofage) Isforahealthy,wellnourishedandactivepopu lation.

2 Specifyenergyrequirementsintermsofenergy outputforproductiveworkandleisureactivit yofadultsandtissuedepositionininfants,ch ildrenandduringpregnancyandmilksecretion duringlactation. Needtospecifyanappropriatebodyweightandq uantumofphysicalactivity desirable . Intakeabovetheactualrequirement-obesity Below-undernutrition. NosafeallowancesDefinition-Energy9 ENERGYR equirement=totalenergyexpenditure(TEE)+e nergydepositionTEE= + *kg,FAO/WHO/UNU(2004)DLWmethodEnergydepo sitionduringgrowth=weightgain(g/d)xenerg ydeposited(kcal/d)RDA: Basis for requirementsAgeBody wt kgWt gainkg/y Energy cost kcal/d@2kcal/g wt gainTEE kcal/dRequirementkcal/d (/kg/d) (85) (85)1-3 years* Ref. equitation on Table 48 10 ENERGY Areductionof4-8%ofenergy(100kcal,145form oderateand310kcalforheavyworkperday) Currentestimateofenergyrequirementforinf antsislowerby11-20%thanthe1988estimate. Committeeconsideredtherequirementforchil drenatdifferentphysicalactivitylevelsatd ifferentages.

3 (Shettyetal,1986)12 PROTEINS afelevelofproteinintake=Maintenancerequi rements(fromNbalancestudies)+growth(equa tionadaptedfromFAO/WHO2007)+ totalSafe level (2SD)Safe level Indian diet* protein/kg/day* : Basis for requirements13 PROTEIN GiventhatsurveyssuchastheNFHSandNNMB havereportedpre-pregnancyweightof47kg,an dGWGofonly8kg,itisworthrecordingthatthea dditionalhighqualityproteinrequirementin suchapregnantwomangaining8kgduringpregna ncy, , Itisimportantthatthehigherintakeofprotei nrecommendedduringpregnancyshouldcomefro manormal,varieddiet, Amg/dThiaminemg/dRibo-flavinmg/dNiacin equivalentmg/dPyri-doxinemg/dAscor-bicAc idmg/dFolic acid + + + + + + + + + allowances of nutrients during pregnancy GroupParticularsNet energyKcal/dProteing/dVisible Fatg/dCa mg/dIronmg/dZn mg/dWoman55 KgModerate 2110 Pregnant+350+23301200 3512 Lactation 0-6 m+600+19301200256-12 m+520+133015 FATM inimum total fat intakes for adults: 15%Etoensureadequateconsumptionoftotalen ergy,essentialfattyacidsandfatsolublevit aminsformostindividuals.

4 20%Eforwomenofreproductiveageandadultswi thBMI< , Totalfatintakesforadults:30-35%Eformosti ndividuals. MinimalintakesofvisiblefatinIndianadults rangebetween20-40g/p/dayTo ensure optimal fat quality, the use of correct combination of vegetable oils is :40 g/ 2000 kcalMinerals:Mineralslikezinc, : Currentlevelofcalciumconsumptionisreport edtobeprovidinglessthan400mgCa/ ,inviewoftheevidences,madeupwardrevision ofcalciumrequirementsforadults(600mg/d). Duringpregnancyandlactationtherequiremen tisfurtherenhancedto1200mg. ElementalCa:Pratioof1 Thesevaluesaregreaterthanabsorptionvalue s(5%)usedearlierforcalculatingironRDAoff oradultwomen. Consideringthefactthatironabsorptionisin verselyrelatedtobodyironstoresandthatInd ianshavereducedironstorescomparedtotheir peersindevelopedcountries,arealisticesti mateofironabsorptionwouldbe5%foradultmal eand8%foradultfemale. Thesefiguresareinagreementwiththerecomme ndationsofWHO/FAO,liststhreebio-availabi litylevelsof5,10,and15%.

5 19 IRON-Basis Internationalrecommendationsare2-3timesl owerthantheIndianRDA. Higherbioavailabilityofironattributablet oincreasedascorbicacidcontentandhemeiron consumption. ThismagnitudeofdifferenceinRDAinitselfis causeforconcernasphysiologicalrequiremen tsforthedifferentage/sexcategoriesdonotv arytothisextentacrosspopulations. :Recommended 340 mg of dietary Mg Zinc:ForadultmanandNPNL womanforzincissetat12and10 :40 g/dayIodine:150 g/ ,thecommitteerecommendedthatthedensityof ascorbicacidshouldbeatleast20 ,Now5-8%Sodium&Potassium:Asafeintakeof25 00mg/daywhichamountsto5g/dayofsalt,desir ablesodium:potassiumratiointhedietwasfix edat1:1(inmmol).1gNaclcontain39%Na++21 WATERSOLUBLEVITAMINS:Folate: Allowanceoffolicacidisgivenintermsofdiet aryfolateratherthanfreefolicacid. :ThepresentICMRC ommitteeretainstheearlierrecommendationo f1 (VitaminC):Decidedtoretaintheearlierreco mmendationsofRDAforascorbicacidforallage groupsexceptforpregnancywhereanadditiona l20 :VitaminA: ThepresentCommitteemodifiedtheextentofco nversionefficiencyof1:4to1:8.

6 Upwardrevisionofretinolto800 gisrecommendedduringpregnancy. Committeerecommendsthataminimumof50% : Committeeretainstheearlierrecommendation sonvitaminDconsideringoutdoorphysicalact ivityasameansofachievingadequatevitaminD status, Undersituationsofminimalexposuretosunlig ht,aspecificrecommendationofadailysupple mentof400IU(10 g) :VitaminE: ,dependingontheedibleoilused. 55 gofvitaminK/dforadultsAntioxidants:Recom mended400 weight (Kg)Energy (Kcal/Day)Proteins (g/day)RevisedOldRevisedOldRevisedOldMAN S edentary6060232024256060 Moderate27302875 Heavy34903800 WOMANS edentary5550190018755550 Moderate22302225 Heavy28502925 Pregnant+350+3007865 Lact. <6 mths+600+5507475 Lact. 6-12 mths+520+4006868 INFANTS0 6 12 -3 -6 -9 -12 -12 -15 -15 -17 -17 Fat (g/day)Calcium (mgl/Day)Iron (mg/day)RevisedOldRevisedOldRevisedOldMA NS edentary25206004001728 Moderate30 Heavy40 WOMANS edentary20206004002130 Moderate25 Heavy30 Pregnant3030120010003538 Lact.

7 <6 mths3045120010002130 Lact. 6-12 mths30 INFANTS0 6 mths--50050046 g/kg-6 12 mths19-5-CHILDREN1 -3 yrs27256004009124 -6 yrs2513187 -9 yrs301626 BOYS10 -12 yrs35228006002134 GIRLS10 -12 yrs352719 BOYS13 -15 yrs45228006003241 GIRLS13 -15 yrs402728 BOYS16 -17 yrs50228005002850 GIRLS16 -17 yrs35263026 GROUPCATEGORYR etinol ( g/day) Carotene ( g/day)Thiamin (mg/day) + + <6 mths95095076003800+ + 6-12 mths+ + 6 g/kg6 12 g/kgCHILDREN1 -3 -6 -9 -12 -12 -15 -15 -17 -17 (mg/day)Niacin Eq.(mg/day)Vit. B6 (mg/day) + + +2+ <6 mths+ + +4+4 Lact. 6-12 mths+ + +3+3 INFANTS0 6 g/kg710 g/kg710 12 g/kg650 g/kg650 -3 -6 -9 -12 -12 -15 -15 -17 -17 C (mg/day)Dietary Folate ( g/day)Vit. B12 ( g/Day)RevisedOldRevisedOld (FF) <6 6-12 mthsINFANTS0 6 12 mthsCHILDREN1 -3 -6 yrs100407 -9 yrs12060 BOYS10 -12 -12 yrsBOYS13 -15 -15 yrsBOYS16 -17 -17 yrs29 GROUPCATEGORYZinc (mg/Day)Magnesium (mg/Day)MANS edentary12340 ModerateHeavyWOMANS edentary10310 ModerateHeavyPregnant12310 Lact.

8 <6 mthsLact. 6-12 mthsINFANTS0 6 mths-306 12 mths-45 CHILDREN1 -3 yrs5504 -6 yrs7707 -9 yrs8100 BOYS10 -12 yrs9120 GIRLS10 -12 yrs9160 BOYS13 -15 yrs11165 GIRLS13 -15 yrs11210 BOYS16 -17 yrs12195 GIRLS16 -17 yrs1223530