ROAD PAVEMENT DESIGN FOR HEAVY GROUND …

1 International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET). Volume 7, Issue 1, Jan-Feb 2016, pp. 416-426, Article ID: IJCIET_07_01_031. Available online at Journal Impact Factor (2016): (Calculated by GISI) ISSN Print: 0976-6308 and ISSN Online: 0976-6316. IAEME Publication ROAD PAVEMENT DESIGN FOR HEAVY . GROUND WATER TABLE IN SHIRPUR AND. SURROUNDING AREA. Prof. Vikram J Patel Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, R. C. Patel Institute of Technology, Shirpur, Maharashtra, India Prof. Hemraj R Kumavat Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, R. C. Patel Institute of Technology, Shirpur, Maharashtra, India Prof. Ganesh V Tapkire Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, R. C. Patel Institute of Technology, Shirpur, Maharashtra, India Prof.

2 Rajendra D Patil Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, R. C. Patel Institute of Technology, Shirpur, Maharashtra, India ABSTRACT. Road failure is common problem in India and areas like Shirpur having high water table area are mainly suffered from this problem. To overcome this problem, some methods are studied in this project to improve the bearing capacity of soil such as the use of Geogrids, Cement mixing, proper sub- surface drainage. Soil can be improved by the addition of a stabilizer or excess aggregate. In any case, the traditional undercut & stabilization solution is often costly & always time-consuming. The paper suggests the use of geogrid which helps in increasing the bearing capacity of subgrade soil while greatly reducing the loss of aggregate cover material into weak, wet or saturated subgrade soils.

3 It also provides extensive cost savings & decreased life cycle costs when compared to other structural solutions. Key words: Geogrid, PAVEMENT , Road, Sub-base, Subgrade 416 Road PAVEMENT DESIGN for HEAVY GROUND Water Table in Shirpur and Surrounding Area. Cite this Article: Prof. Vikram J Patel, Prof. Hemraj R Kumavat, Prof. Ganesh V Tapkire and Prof. Rajendra D Patil, Road PAVEMENT DESIGN for HEAVY GROUND Water Table in Shirpur and Surrounding Area, International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 7(1), 2016, pp. 416-426. INTRODUCTION. Shirpur is one of the flovorus city in Maharashtra. But till 2002 it was suffered from drought due to insufficient rainfall & scarcity of water. But from the year of 2002. there is large scale of implementation of watershed is known as Shirpur Pattern.

4 Was done it gives lot of benefits till a date for agriculture industry and domestic purpose because of increase in surface & subsurface GROUND water table. Now a days or in monsoon season average depth of water table (8-12 ft.). On the sloping GROUND it comes very nearer to GROUND level. Hence bearing capacity of soil is affected by GROUND water table and due to that road PAVEMENT failure are big problems in such areas. After studying the flexible PAVEMENT DESIGN specially roads under PMGSY scheme, the use of Geogrid is preferable for the DESIGN of pavements. Table 1 Water Table condition around Shirpur city Area Increased water table Nageshwer m Dahivad m Jatoda Ajanad LOCATION & STUDY AREA. Figure 1 Waghadi to Badade Road (Shirpur Taluka). 417 Faheem Ahmed Malik, Mansoor Ahmed Lone, Haiqa Riyaz, Sohaib Manzoor Bhat and Jabriel Qureshi METHODOLOGY.

5 Soil Improvement Land reclamation along coastlines is one of the most significant activities of the dredging industry. In most countries coastal properties are already densely populated and yet areas nearby water continue to attract people for recreation and residence. In addition, the newly reclaimed soil is often in a loose state and needs to be compacted. Cement mixing system In many parts of the world soft subsoil is a very serious problem for maritime construction. For these situations, in-situ soil mixing is often implemented. This method is variously known as the cement deep mixing method, soil cement columns /. piles, auger mixing, cement soil mixing, rotary mixing or just soil mixing. These cement mixing methods are applied for the following purposes: Foundation of breakwaters, revetment and wharfs; seismic reinforcement of existing marine structures; foundations of bridge piers, tanks, railroads, roads, river dikes and buildings; cutoff walls and braced walls; and countermeasures for liquefaction.

6 Geotextiles Geotextiles have many applications including filtration and drainage. Specific types of geotextiles can also be used for embankment stabilization and improving the bearing capacity of soft soil foundations on marine projects. Attention must be given to the composition of the geotextile for specific situations. Using a suitable geotextile can increase safety against underground failure and reduce the settlement of the subsoil foundation. Figure 2 Wheel load criteria Vertical Drains Soil stabilization using prefabricated vertical drains (PVDs) or wick drains are applied in areas with loose, compressible and water-saturated soils such as clay and silty clays. These soils are characterized by a very weak soil skeleton and a large pore space, usually filled with water (pore water).

7 When a load such as a road 418 Road PAVEMENT DESIGN for HEAVY GROUND Water Table in Shirpur and Surrounding Area. embankment, a hydraulic fill or a dike, is placed on soft compressible soils, significant settlements may occur. Vacuum consolidation Vacuum consolidation is a process whereby vacuum pressure is applied to an area already installed with PVDs to potentially increase the drains' effectiveness. Generally this technique requires the application of a surcharge loading to squeeze water out of the soft clay soils. An additional important advantage of the vacuum is the isotropic nature of the vacuum pressure and the correlated improvement of the stability under preloading, reducing considerably the risk of slope failure resulting from the surcharge. Each technique has its own advantages and disadvantages in relation to time, cost and performance.

8 The best method is always to consider the specific needs of a project and contact specialist contractors to evaluate the needs of the project. A well-managed soil improvement system appropriate to the site will enhance the prospects of on-time and safe project delivery. DRAINAGE SOLUTIONS. Water is the main contributor to the wear and damage of low-volume rural roads. The water can be in the form of GROUND water, surface water (streams and rivers) or rain and it can damage the road in several ways: By washing away the soil (erosion and scouring), By making the road body less resistant to traffic ( weakening the load bearing capacity), By depositing soils (silting) which may obstruct the passage of water, or By washing away entire sections of the road or its structures.

9 Figure 4 Drainage pattern Damage and wear to the road can be reduced if the f low of water is controlled. Minor damages can easily be repaired as part of the regular maintenance provided to the road and its structures. 419 Faheem Ahmed Malik, Mansoor Ahmed Lone, Haiqa Riyaz, Sohaib Manzoor Bhat and Jabriel Qureshi Fig. 5 Camber slope criteria Finally, it is also worth mentioning that the drainage system of a road may have an impact on the environment in the vicinity of the road. Water collected through a road drainage system needs to be carefully discharged from the road, avoiding any damages to the adjacent land. Equally, the drainage system of a road needs to be carefully adjusted so it does not conflict with the drainage systems on adjacent farmlands. Use of Geogrids Geogrids are polymeric products formed by joining intersecting ribs.

10 They have large open spaces also known as "apertures". The directions of the ribs are referred to as machine direction, orientated in the direction of the manufacturing process or cross ma - chine direction perpendicular to the machine direction ribs. Geogrids are mainly made from polymeric materials, typically polypropylene (PP), high density polyethylene and polyester. Figure 6 Geogrid Geogrids are manufactured as either biaxial or uniaxial. Biaxial geogrids are those that exhibit the same strength in both the machine and cross machine directions while uniaxial geogrids exhibit the primary strength in the machine direction with minimal strength, enough to maintain the aperture structure, in the cross machine direction. FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT DESIGN . A flexible PAVEMENT structure is typically composed of several layers of materials.