Rural Grey Water Management : Magnitude, Principles and ...

1 Rural Grey Water Management : Magnitude, Principles and PracticesShrikant Navrekar Webinar on Grey Water Management in Phase II of SBMG 28 Sept. 2020 GREY Water IS ONLY A PART OF LIQUID WASTE Liquid Waste / Waste Water Greywater Black Water Yellow Water Commercial Waste Water Waste Water from Kitchen, bathroom, cloth wash, Vessel wash Waste Water from toilets / contaminated with faecal matter Human Urine Waste Water from 1. Dhabas / restaurants 2. Hospitals 3. Laundries 4. Slaughter houses 5. Small scale industries Some Important Grey Water is nothing but SOILED fresh Water problem & Greywater Problem are is not a liability but an asset of Greywater is not a problem but an Management of Greywater ( reuse & groundwater recharge) is dire need of the MessageCONSEQUENCES OF MISHANDLING OF GREY & dirty Implications a. Mosquitoes / Vector breeding : Spread of diseases of Water of precious natural resource WATERF resh Water 100 Lit44000 lit per dayHow much Greywater (Sullage) is generated ?

2 1000 x 55 lit = 55000 lit per dayGrey Water 80 lit Village with 1000 populationSurface DrainsPollution of River / Water bodiesHand pumpsWells Tube Wells Water & Waste Water Cycle India = The largest user of groundwater in the world. Uses 25 percent of the world s ground Water (230 km3 per year)Ground Water recharge Potential per village30000 to 100000 lit per dayNO Pollution of River / Water bodiesRecharge potential of GWMHand pumpsWells Tube Wells Key MessageMinimum GreywaterProducedJudicious use of Fresh Water Wise Management of GreywaterAlleviation of Fresh Water ProblemFresh Water problem & Greywater problem are interdependentKey MessageGrey Water : Current Practices Indiscriminate disposal in the open Kitchen garden Soakage pits Open or Surface drainage systemPRINCIPLES OF GREYWATER Management Principles OF GREYWATER Management : 3R Reduce: Judicious use of fresh Water which will result in generation of minimum quantity of Greywater Reuse: Using Greywater for purposes such as kitchen garden, vehicle washing, toilet flushing etc.

3 Recharge: Recharge of ground Water with Greywater by adopting technologies such as soakage pit, leach pit etcTechnologies for Greywater ManagementDecentralized v/s Centralized SystemsDecentralized SystemsCentralized Systems1. Low capital cost1. High capital cost2. Low maintenancecost 2. High maintenance cost3. Maintenancealso decentralized : by the HH owner3. Maintenance centralized : needs to be done by GP4. No centralized spacerequired4. Centralizedspace required for treatment unitKey MessageTechnological Options at a GlanceGREYWATER MANAGEMENTD ecentralizedHousehold Level ManagementCentralized Village Level ManagementKitchen Garden, Soak Pit, Leach PitSemi-CentralizedManagement of Grey Water From Public Water PointsManagement of Grey Water From Group of Houses Collectively Community Level ManagementCommunity Plantation, Leach Pit, DEWATSC ommunity Plantation, Leach PitWaste Stabilization Ponds, DEWATS, SBT Decentralized (Household Scale) Technologies1.

4 Kitchen Garden 2. Soakage pit3. Leach pit1. Local skills2. Local material3. Low cost / Low tech4. Easy O & M5. High Impact11. Kitchen Garden / on fresh with Family nutrition & food cover = Alleviation of global of space around to utilize waste Water & gardeningLimitations2. Soakage PitMerits 1. No cost to low cost solution2. Low tech technology : Local skills are enough3. Requires local resources4. Recharge of ground waterLimitations1. Can not accommodate higher volumes of greywater / occasional higher influent2. Availability of stones not universal3. Not suitable in hard rock4. Not suitable in permanent Water logged / high Water table areasSoakage PitCase StudiesDist Malda,West BengalSoakage PitCase ftTest Pits to find out the impact of pond Water on soak pits & Vice versaMerits1. Does not require filling2. Can accommodate higher volumes of water3. Less maintenance4. Lasts longerLimitations1. Not suitable in hard rock2.

5 Not suitable in permanent Water logged / high Water table areas 3. Leach PitCase Studies : Leach Pit Household Leach Pit Village Bhasada, Panipat, Haryana No. of HH = 215 All HH covered with Leach Pits Daily Recharge : 59000 lit Drains are dry Village became Mosquito FreeCase Studies : Leach Pit Key MessageSemi-Centralized (Community Scale )Technologies1. For a group of houses where individual Management is not possible2. At community Water points (Hand pumps, Stand posts, wells)3. Economic activity for SHGs / small entrepreneurs 2 Household Technologies modified & adopted on a community scaleUtility 1. Community Plantation (modified ) 2. Community Leach Pit (modified Leach Pit)Case StudiesCommunity Leach Pits Under the roadDistrict Mahendragarh, HaryanaCommunity Leach PitKey Technologies Adopt with cautionKey MessageCentralized (Village Scale) Technologies : Adopt with caution1. Waste Stabilization Ponds2.

6 Duckweed Pond3. Reed Bed Technology4. Soil Bio Technology1. Require Centralized Land2. High Cost Technology3. Recurring costs high4. O & M to be done by GP5. If O & M is not proper, may result in several menaces6. Should be adopted in exceptional cases3 Key MessageImplementation of GWM ProgramCriteria for selection of of space near houses & housing condition of the village including topography, soil structure & ground Water of Water & pattern of Water supply (individual / public) of common spaces in & around the status of the GP & human resource available with the GPKey MessageAlgorithm for Grey Water managementDecentralized (Household scale Technologies)Semi-centralized(Community scale Technologies)Centralized(Village scale Technologies) 123 Key MessageTechnology Algorithm for Grey Water Pit / Leach Leach systemsKey of right adherence to technological of community from level O & Quality monitoring & handholding supportGreywater Management : How do we go ?

7 Key MessageThank YouShrikant