Στατιστική Ανάλυση Δεδομένων με το S.P.S.S. Διδακτικές …

1 - & .. 2014.. 5.. - .. 9.. 10. Microsoft 19.. 20.. 22.. - .. 31.. 36.. 53.. 65. - .. 77.. - .. 80.. 88.. - .. 112.. 121.. - .. 142.. 146.. - .. 155.. 169.. 190.. 196.. 197.. 199.. 202.. 207.. 209.. 211.. 213.. 217. 1 .. , , .. , , (Statistical Package for Social Sciences), PASW Statistics.. , . , .. , , .. , , .. , , .. o , , , . , . , . 5.. , .. , . , . , .. *.. ( (2004)).. , .. , . , .. , 2011.. 6. 2 .. , . spss , . ibm spss Statistics.. , .. , . , . 2013-2014, .. , .. , 2014.. 7. 8.. - .. , . , .. , . , . , .. , . ( , 2003, . 7-15).. 9. ( .. ). , , , . , .. , .. , , - , .. ( .. ).. PASW Statistics, .. Data Editor. Data Editor.. File New Data, . n - . , p . 10. , . ( , 2003, . 13-15). 35 .. , , . 100 , .. =. , = , = = , . =0-450, = 450-600, =600-900 = 900.

2 IQ .. 111 95 22. 90 98 25. 90 92 18. 90 104 19. 104 85 21. 72 96 20. 105 89 21. 93 103 22. 99 110 18. 93 85 27. 84 94 30. 95 98 21. 93 96 24. 78 99 26. 108 83 19. 100 87 27. 81 85 25. 77 97 24. 67 96 23. 100 107 28. 104 102 29. 111 106 19. 122 95 20. 99 82 28. 108 94 31. 126 90 19. 90 90 23. 110 96 32. 117 87 27. 119 97 24. 105 90 22. 100 107 18. 75 92 25. 96 98 30. 81 95 23.. 11.. , , ( ), . , . 100 ( ). 1.. , .. ( ), Enter.. n n .. - . , 35 . ( .. ). 2.. ( ) .. 4.. ( ) . - .. - .. 12.. 1 . = 2 = . , . 1 2 , . 1= , 2= , 3= 4= . ( ). 3.. , . VAR00001, VAR00002 .. : ) 64 bytes, 64 . , ) , 13. ) @, #, $, ) , , ) All,Ne, Eq, To, Le, Lt, By, Or, Gt, And, Not, Ge, With, ) , ) , . ) $ . , ( ) .. : Variable View ( . ) . Variable View Name.

3 , Sex, Diagogi, Status, Iq, Ipsos, Time. , Label .. , , . , , , . 4.. Variable Type . , . (numeric) 2 (Decimals Places) . ( Width) 8 .. , , . 14.. : Comma. , .. , .. 6, Dot.. , . , .. ,38. Scientific notation.. 123, , , +2, . +2. Date.. Dollar. , ($), . , .. 7, . Custom currency.. 15. String.. Restricted numeric.. : . , Variable Type Variable View , String. 5.. Values Variable View. , .. , Values. : 16. - , , . Value . , Value Label .. Add .. 17. 6. Variable View Missing Values .. : ) No missing values ( ).. ) Discrete missing values. 3 .. - 1, -99, 0.. : (i) . 18. , (ii) . (iii) .. ) Range plus one optional discrete missing. , . Low High , .. Columns , . Align ( , , ). , Measure . (Scale= , Ordinal= , Nominal= ). Microsoft Excel Excel.

4 ( xlsx xls Excel, . ). : 1. Data View . File Open Data Excel .. (Open) , . 19. 2.. Excel (Read variable names from the first row of data). , ( Range). , . ( . Worksheet).. Excel . Read variable names from first row of data .. Variables labels.. , , . File Save File Save as, .. 20.. , . (sav ) . Data.. ( Save) . ( Variables). , . Variables Keep .. 21.. , .. , .. 100 .. : 1. Transform Compute Variable. 22. 2. Compute Variable Target Variable . , TimeMinutes, Type &. Label . 23. Numeric Expression . Calculator Pad ( . ) Function Group.. : ) All: . ) Arithmetic: (Abs), . (Cos), (Sin), (Lg10), . (Ln), (Sqrt) .. ) CDF and Noncentral CDF: . (cdf=cumulative distribution function) . , , , . , t .. ) Inverse DF: .. ) PDF and NonCentral PDF.

5 Random Numbers: .. ) Statistical: , . , , .. : 24. Type & Label .. , Label . (Use expression as label), Type (string). , If (optional case selection condition) .. : . Include if case satisfies condition . , .. Continue. 25. Continue .. Transform Recode Into Different Variables.. , Input Variable Output Variable . Output Variable.. Output Variable Label.. Change .. 26.. , . 1 2 . 3 4 . , . 0-600 , .. status2 .. Old and New Values .. 27. : .. [25,50], [50,75] .. 25-49, 50-75 . 49 50. , 1 2. 1, 3 4 , . 2.. 28. Continue OK. : ( Old Value) . : ) Value: . ( Value New Value) . ( System missing New Value). ) System missing: - .. ) System-or user missing: .. ) Range: , .. ) Range, lowest through value: .. ) Range, value through highest.

6 All other values: . 29. 30.. - . , .. , .. ( . , 2003, . 18-31, 41-43) ) . ) ( , . ).. ( . ) . ( . ). , . , . ( . ) ( . ). 31.. ( . ) . , . ( ). , .. , .. : 1. Analyze Descriptive Statistics Frequencies. 2.. Variable(s).. Display frequency tables . 32. 3. Charts : (Bar charts), (Pie charts). (Histograms), . , . Bar Charts Pie Charts.. ( ), Chart Values Frequencies Percentages . (Frequencies) . (Percentages), . 4. , Format Frequencies . (Order by Ascending or Descending values) . (Order by Ascending or Descending Counts). , Variable(s) . Frequencies . (Compare Variables) . (Organize output by variables). , Suppress tables with more than n categories . n ( . Maximum number of categories). 33.. Statistics .. N Valid 35. Missing 0.. Cumulative Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent Valid 8 22,9 22,9 22,9.

7 11 31,4 31,4 54,3. 10 28,6 28,6 82,9. 6 17,1 17,1 100,0. Total 35 100,0 100,0.. 35 (Valid=35) (Missing=0).. ( . ). , Frequency ( ) 8, 11, 10 6 35 . , , , . , Percent ( . ) .. 22,9% .. Percent .. Valid Percent . 34.. , Cumulative Percent ( ). 82,9% . 900 ( =600-900 ).. , . , .. Output ( ) . ( , , , ..). , .. Elements Show Data Labels . Displayed Percent. 35.. , (Mean), . (Std Deviation), (Kurtosis, Skewness, ), (median), (mode), . (range), (Percentile values) .. (histogram) (boxplot). , . , .. 36. ( , 2003, . 45-55).. , .. , .. X. ( ), ( .. ) . ( ).. ( ), S 2 ( . ), . S ( ). , , . , . n (X i X )3. i 1. , . b1 . nS 3. n (X i X )4. b2 i 1. , , X 1 , , X n ( n nS 4. 37. n X. i 1. i ), X . n 1 n S2 ( X i X )2 . n 1 i 1. b1 0 ( . ), ( ) b1 0.

8 ( ) b1 0 . b2 3 , . b2 3 ( ) . b2 3 . b2 3 , .. : ) . p- . p% , , ) . 25 , 50 , 75 .. , .. ( ) . , .. (steam and leaf plot). 90 . 38.. ( ).. , 25 . 75 ( . ). 3,00000. 9. 2,00000. 1,00000. 0,00000. -1,00000. -2,00000. Zscore: . 25 . 75 .. , . (whiskers).. ( whiskers, , *. extreme) . ( . 39. ). , , . : 1 * .. 3 + * . , 3 1 .. : .. , .. 4.. , . , .. , .. Shapiro-Wilk .. Q-Q (quantile-quantile) , . (quantile) . 40.. Q-Q . Detrended Q-Q Plot.. ( ).. 0. 1: .. ( ), p- (p- value Sig.) H p- .. p- . ( ). 2: Y1 , , Yn n . , .. Box-Cox ( Box and Cox (1964)) . Yi 1. , 0. 1. Y . Yi ( ) .. Y ln Yi ,.. 0.. 1/ n Y Y1 Y2 .. Yn .. 41.. , Descriptives Frequencies, .. , Explore.. Explore .. Explore Explore .. 100 .. : 1. Analyze Descriptive Statistics Explore.

9 2. Dependent . ( ) .. Factor list - ( ) . , .. , .. 42. Display Both ( . ) .. Label Cases By , .. 3. Statistics . Descriptives ( ): , . , , .. 95% . ( . Dependent List).. 43. Outliers: . Dependent List, . Factor List. Percentiles: 5 95 . 4. Plots : Boxplots: . Factor levels together . Dependent Variables, . Factor List, . Dependents together . Factor list . Dependent Variable. Factor levels together. Descriptive: Steam-and-Leaf Histogram, .. Normality plots with tests . (normal probability detrended normal probability plots) . ( Kolmogorov-Smirnov , . Lilliefors Shapiro-Wilk , . ). Spread vs. Level with Levene Test: . ( Dependent List) . ( . Factor List).. , . , .. Levene . Untransformed data. , . , Power Estimation .. 44. ransformed.

10 5. Options .. ( ) Exclude cases listwise.. ( ) . ( ).. Case Processing Summary Cases Valid Missing Total N Percent N Percent N Percent . 19 100,0% 0 ,0% 19 100,0%.. 16 100,0% 0 ,0% 16 100,0%. 45. 35 19 . 16 . Descriptives ( ). 100 .. Descriptives Statistic Std. Error Mean 24,8947 ,94867. 95% Confidence Lower Bound 22,9017. Interval for Mean Upper Bound 26,8878. 5% Trimmed Mean 24,8830. Median 25,0000. Variance 17,099. Std. Deviation 4,13514. Minimum 18,00. Maximum 32,00. Range 14,00. Interquartile Range 6,00. Skewness -,106 ,524. Kurtosis -,943 1,014. Mean 22,3125 ,88844. 95% Confidence Lower Bound 20,4188. Interval for Mean Upper Bound 24,2062. 5% Trimmed Mean 22,0694. Median 21,5000. Variance 12,629. Std. Deviation 3,55375. Minimum 18,00.