Sams Teach Yourself Networking in 24 Hours - Weebly

1 800 East 96th St.,Indianapolis,Indiana,46240 USAMatt HaydenNetworkingin24 HoursTeach YourselfSECOND EDITION00 0029FM 11/3/00 10:09 AM Page iSams Teach Yourself Networking in 24 Hours , Second EditionCopyright 2001 by Sams PublishingAll rights reserved. No part of this book shall be reproduced, stored in aretrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photo-copying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the pub-lisher. No patent liability is assumed with respect to the use of the informationcontained herein. Although every precaution has been taken in the preparationof this book, the publisher and author assume no responsibility for errors oromissions. Nor is any liability assumed for damages resulting from the use ofthe information contained Standard Book Number: 0-672-32002-9 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 00-105611 Printed in the United States of AmericaFirst Printing: December 200003 02 01 0043 2 1 TrademarksAll terms mentioned in this book that are known to be trademarks or servicemarks have been appropriately capitalized.

2 Sams Publishing cannot attest to theaccuracy of this information. Use of a term in this book should not be regardedas affecting the validity of any trademark or service and DisclaimerEvery effort has been made to make this book as complete and as accurate aspossible, but no warranty or fitness is implied. The information provided is onan as is basis. The author and the publisher shall have neither liability norresponsibility to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damages aris-ing from the information contained in this BrownDEVELOPMENTEDITORS usan HobbsMANAGINGEDITORC harlotte ClappPROJECTEDITORC arol BowersCOPYEDITORS usan HobbsINDEXEREric SchroederPROOFREADERK atherin BidwellTECHNICALEDITORD allas RelefordTEAMCOORDINATORAmy PattonINTERIORDESIGNERGary AdairCOVERDESIGNERAren HowellPRODUCTIOND arin Crone00 0029FM 11/3/00 10:09 AM Page iiContents at a GlanceIntroduction1 PARTIA Networking Primer3 Hour 1An Overview of Networking52 The Benefits of Networking21 PARTII The Basics33 Hour 3 Getting Data from Here to There.

3 How Computers Share Data354 Computer Concepts535 Network Concepts736 Extending Your LAN: Wide Area Networks957 Remote Networking119 PARTIII Building a Network137 Hour 8 The Criteria for Building Your Network1399 Designing Your Network14910 How to Select Hardware and Software for Your Network18511 Physically Assembling a Network20712 Network Applications21713 Connecting to the Internet: Email and Web Resources229 PARTIV Network Operating Systems241 Hour 14 Microsoft Windows Peer Networking24315 Microsoft Windows 2000 Server25316 Novell NetWare26717 Unix and Linux283 PARTVI ntroduction to Network Administration301 Hour 18 The Network Administrator30319 Security32700 0029FM 11/3/00 10:09 AM Page iii20 Upgrades34721 Network Admin Tips and Tricks36122A Day in the Life379 PARTVI The Future of Networking387 Hour 23 Wireless LANs38924 Where Are Networks Going from Here?

4 397 Glossary 413 Index43100 0029FM 11/3/00 10:09 AM Page ivContentsIntroduction1 PARTIA Networking Primer3 HOUR1An Overview of Networking 5 What Is a Network? ..6 Why Build a Network? ..7 How Networks Are Put Together ..8 Physical Networking the Hardware ..8 Network Devices ..11 The Logical Network ..12 The Varieties of Networks ..13 LANs ..13 WANs ..14 How the Internet Relates to Your Network ..16 What Is the Internet? ..16 Understanding Bandwidth ..17 Understanding Different Kinds of Internet Connections ..17 Why Does the Internet Matter for Your Network? ..19 Intranets, Extranets, and the Internet ..19 Summary ..20Q&A ..20 HOUR2 The Benefits of Networking 21 Computing Before Computer Networks.

5 22 Networking s Breakthrough: Packet-Switched Data ..23 Life Without Computer Networks ..26 Inefficient Resource Sharing ..26 Slo-o-ow Data ..27No Centralized Data Management ..27 Expense ..28 Benefits of Networking ..28 Simplified Resource Sharing ..28 Networking Is Faster ..30 Centralized Management ..30 Summary ..31Q&A ..3100 0029FM 11/3/00 10:09 AM Page vviSams Teach Yourself Networking in 24 HoursPARTIIThe Basics33 HOUR3 Getting Data from Here to There: How Computers Share Data 35 Logical Topologies ..36 Ethernet ..36 Token Ring and FDDI ..38 Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) ..40 Network Protocols ..40 The OSI Model (And Why You Should Be Familiar with It) ..41 TCP/IP ..43 IPX ..49 NetBIOS and NetBEUI ..50 Summary ..50Q&A ..50 HOUR4 Computer Concepts 53 Computer Hardware.

6 54 The CPU ..54 Memory ..55 Disks ..56 Add-In Adapter Cards ..58 Client Operating System Software ..62 Multitasking Versus Single-Tasking Systems ..63MS-DOS to Windows ..64 MacOS ..65 Windows 98 ..65OS/2 ..67 Windows 2000 ..68 Unix ..69 Summary ..70Q&A ..71 HOUR5 Network Concepts 73 What Networks Are Made Of ..73 Network-Specific Hardware ..74 Software: Network Operating Systems ..87 Summary ..94Q&A ..94 HOUR6 Extending Your LAN: Wide Area Networks 95 What Is a WAN? ..96 WAN Hardware ..98 Bridges ..98 Gateways: Protocol Translators ..99 Routers ..10000 0029FM 11/3/00 10:09 AM Page viContentsviiHigh-Speed Data Access ..108 Trunk Lines: T1 and T3 ..108 Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) ..111 Digital Subscriber Lines (DSL) ..113 Service Level Agreements and Quality of Service Agreements.

7 114 Can the Internet Help You Build Your WAN? ..115So Who Needs a WAN, Anyway? ..116 Summary ..117Q&A ..117 HOUR7 Remote Networking 119A Brief History of Remote Access: Remote Control and Remote Node ..120 Remote Control ..120 Remote Node ..122 Different Organizations Need Different RAS Solutions ..125 Remote Access Requirements ..126 Modems ..126 ISDN Terminal Adapters ..128 Protocols ..129 Authentication and Security ..131 Using the Internet for Remote Access ..132 VPNs ..132 Remote Access Hardware: Build or Buy? ..133 Building a Remote Access Solution ..134 Buying Turnkey Remote Access Solutions ..134 Summary ..135Q&A ..135 PARTIIIB uilding a Network137 HOUR8 The Criteria for Building Your Network 139 What Are Best Practices? ..140 Planning Best Practices: Plan, Design, Implement, and Tune.

8 142 Dealing with Change ..143 Applying the Best Practices ..144 Interoperability and Standards-Based Networking ..145 Security ..146 Enunciating Usage Policies and Procedures ..147 Defining Secure Behaviors ..147 Collating What You ve Learned ..148 Summary ..148Q&A ..14800 0029FM 11/3/00 10:09 AM Page viiviiiSams Teach Yourself Networking in 24 HoursHOUR9 Designing Your Network 149 Step 1: Identifying the Uses of Your Network ..152 Defining the Organizational Purpose ..152 Quantifying the Network ..154 Step 2: Listing Which Tasks Happen at Which Computers ..156 The Many-User Computer ..156 Single-User Computers ..158 Step 3: Determining the Degree of Centralization ..160 Easier Access to Files ..161 Stronger Security ..162 Unix Permissions ..164 Easier Backup.

9 164 Easier Configuration Management ..165 The Ramifications of Centralization ..166 Step 4: Making It Real Drawing the Network ..167 Drawing the Logical Network Diagram ..167 Drawing the Physical Network Diagram ..172 Step 5: Writing the Specification and Getting Others Input ..176 Writing the Specification Document ..177 Meeting with Other Users ..178 Step 6: Specifying Hardware ..179 Selecting Hardware ..179 Step 7: Building the Network ..182 Questionnaire/Checklist ..182 Meeting with Senior Management ..182 Meeting with Rank-and-File Employees ..182 Distilling Core Issues from Interviews ..182 Quantifying the Network ..182 Determining Applications and Rightsizing the Workstation ..183 Deciding Whether to Centralize ..183 Summary ..183Q&A ..183 HOUR10 How to Select Hardware and Software for Your Network 185 Selecting a Topology.

10 186 Ethernet 10 BASE-2 ..18710 BASE-T ..190 Token Ring ..192 FDDI/ATM/100 BASE-FX/1000 BASE-T(Fiber-Optic Technologies) ..192 Selecting the Network Type: Client/Server or Peer to Peer ..194 Client/Server Networking ..194 Peer Networking ..195 Peer-to-Peer and Client/Server Networking ..19600 0029FM 11/3/00 10:09 AM Page viiiSelecting the Workstation Operating System and Network Operating System ..196 Peer-to-Peer OSes ..196 Client/Server Network Operating Systems ..199 Selecting the Network Protocol ..202 IPX ..203 NetBEUI ..203 TCP/IP ..204 Summary ..205Q&A ..205 HOUR11 Physically Assembling a Network 207 Before Installation ..208 Installing Adapter Cards ..211 Working on Wiring: Closets, Cables, Connections, Concentrators,and Terminators ..213 The Wiring Closet: Ethernet, Token Ring, ATM, and FDDI s Home Sweet Home.