Scia Engineer Foundations

1 FoundationsinSCIAE ngineerFoundations,Piles,Subsoil,Soil-In ,GeologicprofilesContacts6 Foundationblocksandstrips8 Foundationblock8 FoundationBlocks9 Requirements9 Partialsafetyfactors9 NewULSC ombination10 AutomaticClasses10 PadFoundationInput11 GeotechnicsService12 PadFoundationStabilityCheckService14 PadFoundationCheck14 DeterminationofDesignValues15 DeterminationofEffectiveGeometry17 UndrainedBearingResistance20 DrainedBearingResistance21 KnownSoilCapacityBearingResistance24 SlidingResistance24 Eccentricitycheck25 UpliftCheck26 Output26 AutoDesign26 References28 Foundationstrip28 Uppersoiloffoundationblock28 Defininganewfoundationblocktype28 Insertingthefoundationblockintomodel29 Defininganewfoundationstrip29 Subsoil30 Introductiontosubsoil30 Defininganewsubsoiltype30 Definingsubsoilparameters30-2-Parameters ofsubsoil30 Parametersforcheck31 Subsoilparametersforsubsoilundera1 Dmember31

2 Subsoilparametersforsubsoilunderaslab32 Usingthesubsoil32 Geologicprofile33 Geologicprofilemanager33 Defininganewgeologicprofile34 Generalgeologicprofileparameters34 Layer-relatedparameters35 Editthecontentofthetable35 Editingtheexistinggeologicprofile36 Geologicareas37 Introductiontogeologicareas37 Defininganewgeologicarea38 Editingtheexistinggeologicarea39 Boreholes40 Introductiontoboreholes40 Sand-gravelpile41 Insertinganewborehole42 Boreholeparameters42 Editingtheexistingborehole42 Deletingtheexistingborehole43 Displayingorhidingtheexistingboreholes43 Displayingtheearthsurface43 Refreshingtheearthsurface44 Soil-In45 Introduction45 Theinfluenceofsubsoilinthevicinityofthes tructure45 Soil-inoutput45 Cparameters(explanationfromtheoreticalba ckgroundofFEMsolver)46 Supportonsurface47-3-Chapter 0 Thesurfacesupportproperties48 Subsoilinthe3 Dmodel49 Soilborehole49 Settlementinputdata54 Geologicalareas54 Foundationbase56 Soilsurface57 Surfacesupport58 Subsoillibrary60 RequiredparametersforSoil-incalculation6 0 Soil-insettingsintheSolversetup61 Soil-incalculation62 Soil-initerativecycle62 Quadraticnormtocomparetheresultsfromthel astandthepreviousiteration64 Theoryaboutthederivationprocess65 Theresultsofsoil-in662 Ddataviewer66 Results67 Resultsforeachiterationcycle71 Soil-inandPiledesign73 Advancedtips74 Foundationatgreatdepth74 Theeffectofthesubsoiloutsidethestructure 74 Padfoundationandsoil-in75 Whatifthemodeliscorrectbuttheiterationis notfinished78 Whatiftheloadiswronglyinserted?

3 78 Whatifthesymmetricalstructuregivesnon-sy mmetricalresults?79 Whatifgeologicalfaultinthesubsoilisneede d? (Stressdependent)111 Soillibrary111 Definitionofanewpile112 Nodalsupport-Pile112 PilePlan115 SoilprofileCPT116 Piletiplevel117 TypeZ117 Loadsettlementcurves118 Piletype119 Piletype121 Check design,verification128 Conditionsfordesign128 Conditionsforverification129 ThepropertiesofthePiledesign129 Pileplandesigncalculation130 Thepropertiesoftheverification132 Pileplanverification-calculation133 Updatestiffness136 Non-linearFunctions138 Results ova1298/16SK-01001 :27/05 ,it , , , ,itisnecessarytoswitchonthefollowingfunc tionalityintheProjectdatadia-logue:lSubs oil,lSubsoil> (STR/GEO)combinationdefinedinEN1990[ ].Inaddition,forGeo-technicalanalysis, :ThesetCusesthefollowingdefaults:SafetyF actorDefault(SetC)Partialfactorpermanent action-unfavourable1,00 Partialfactorpermanentaction-favourable1 ,00 Partialfactorforprestressaction-favourab le1,00 Partialfactorforprestressaction-unfavour able1,20 Partialfactorleadingvariableaction1,30 Partialfactoraccompanyingvariableaction1 ,30 Partialfactorforshrinkageaction1, 1 NewULSC ombinationAnewcombinationisadded:EN-ULS( STR/GEO)SetCThiscombinationfollowsexactl ythesamerulesastheEN-ULS(STR/GEO)SetBexc eptforthefollowingdifferences:TheCombina tionSetupfor or :lAllULSlAllSLSlAllULS& :EN-ULS(STR/GEO)SetBEN-ULS(STR/GEO)SetCT heclassisonlygeneratedincasethefunctiona lity Subsoil , , , :lnoinfluence,latfoundationbase, :density= [m] :page16-Annex.

4 PadFoundationStiffness-11-Chapter 1 SubsoilparametersIncomparisonwithpreviou sversionsoftheprogram,someSubsoilparamet ershasbeenrenamedinordertocomplywiththeE Nconvention:OldtextNewtextFic[deg]Fi [deg]Cc[MPa]c [MPa]Ccu[Mpa]cu[Mpa]Inaddition, ,Aluminium, ( ). ,1/6andNoLimitKnownsoilcapacityThecheckb oxKnownsoilcapacity, , ,undertheNationalAnnexbuttonintheProject datadialoguetheparametersrelatingtothena tionalannexcanbespecified:ThegroupDesign ApproachEN1997-1 :TheDesignApproachdetermineswhichsetofco mbinations, :theDesignApproachisgivenhereandnotonthe generaltabsincetheNationalAnnexcangivedi fferentapproachesfordifferentfoundationt ypes(forexampleapproach1forpadfoundation sandapproach3forpilefoundationsetc). :M1& :-13-Chapter 1 SafetyFactorM1M2 GammaFi 1,001,25 Gammac 1,001,25 Gammacu1,001,40 Gammaqu1,001,40 Gammagamma1,001, :R1,R2& :ResistanceFactorR1R2R3 GammaR;v1,001,401,00 GammaR;h1,001,101, Refresh , Preview and AutoDesign.

5 Whenexecutingthecheck, :lEN-ULS(STR/GEO)SetBlEN-ULS(STR/GEO)Set CIncasetheclassforwhichtheuserwishestoex ecutethecheckdoesnotcomplywiththisrequir ement,thecheckisnotexecutedandawarningdi alogisshown: Note:ForDesignApproach1itisrequiredthatt heResultClasscontainsatleastonecombinati onofeachofthefollowingtypes:lEN-ULS(STR/ GEO)SetBlEN-ULS(STR/GEO)SetCTheselectedc lassdoesnotmeetthisrequirement;pleasemod ifythecontentsoftheclass. ForDesignApproaches2& :lBearingChecklSlidingCheckl EccentricityCheckInaspecialcase, , , :BearingCheckTheBearingcheckisexecutedac cordingto[ ] knows thesoilcapacity, [ ] , ,thisvalueistakenaszero[ ]. [ ] ,itimpliesthatthepadfoundationisintensio nandmaythusbe uplifted ,thesetsofsafetyfactorsarereadfromtheset upasfollows:-15-Chapter (STR/GEO)SetBsetsM1& (STR/GEO)SetCsetsM2& ,inallcasessetsM1& ,inallcasessetsM2& Anycom-bination ,thesafetyfactorscanbereadfromtheGeotech nicsServiceandthedesignvaluesforthesoilp ropertiescanbedetermined:DesignValueForm ulaWith: readfromSubsoilLibrary readfromGeotechnicsSetupWith: c readfromSubsoilLibrary c readfromGeotechnicsSetup-16-Foundationbl ocksandstripsWith: cureadfromSubsoilLibrary cureadfromGeotechnicsSetupWith: specificweightreadfromLibrary readfromGeotechnicsSetupWith: BackfillweightreadfromPadfoundationinput Data ,thecor-rectvalueisfoundforanytypeofcomb ination(code,linear,envelope,non-linear. )

6 - Incasetheexplodedcombinationdoesnothavea permanentloadcase,gGistakenas1, 1 (h1+h2) + ,Ry,Rz,Mx, :Forageneral3 Dcasethisformulaiswrittenas:-18-Foundati onblocksandstripsWeightGTheweightGconsis tsofthreeparts:1) Theweightofthefoundationblock,GBlockThis dependsontheshapeoftheblock(prismaticorp yramidal), Waterlevel BlockDensityNoinfluence Blockatfoundationbase Blockatgroundlevel( Block W)TheWaterDensitygWistakenas9,81kN/m 2) Theweightofthebackfillaroundh2,GBackfill ,AroundThisdependsontheshapeoftheblock(p rismaticorpyramidal), Waterlevel BackfillDensityNoinfluence Backfill,datfoundationbase Backfill,datgroundlevel( Backfill,d W)TheWaterDensitygWistakenas9,81kN/m 3) Theweightofthebackfillabovethefoundation block,GBackfill, :-19-Chapter 1 ThedesignvalueofthetotalweightGcanthenbe calculatedasfollows:Gd=gG*[GBlock+GBackf ill,Around+GBackfill,Above] , ,usingtheeccentricitiesexandeytheeffecti vegeometryofthefoundationbasecanbecalcul atedasfollows:L1=A 2*|ex|L2=B 2*|ey|WithA& =min(L1;L2)L =max(L1;L2)A =B *L IncaseB <0morL < ,thecheckisnotexecutedandawarningisgiven ontheoutput: !

7 (alwayshorizontalbaseinSE)=1,00 scShapeofthefoundation(rectangularshape) icInclinationoftheload,causedbyhorizonta lloadHdandHd A *cudincaseHd>A *cudthevalueoficcanbesetto0, [ ]=(h1+h2+hbackfill)*gBackfill,dWith:h1&h 2readfromthePadFoundationLibraryhbackfil lreadfromthePadFoundationinputgBackfill, ,vResistancefactorreadfromtheGeotechnics SetupDrainedBearingResistanceTheformulas inthisparagraphareusedincasetheTypefield intheSubsoilLibraryissettoDrained. Thedesignvalueofthedrainedbearingresista nceiscalculatedasfollows:ValueFormulacd 1 NcBearingresistancefactorNqBearingresist ancefactorNgBearingresistancefactorbcInc linationofthefoundationbase(alwayshorizo ntalbaseinSE)=1,00 bqInclinationofthefoundationbase(alwaysh orizontalbaseinSE)=1,00 b Inclinationofthefoundationbase(alwayshor izontalbaseinSE)=1,00 scShapeofthefoundation(rectangularshape) sqShapeofthefoundation(rectangularshape) s Shapeofthefoundation(rectangularshape)ic Inclinationoftheload,causedbyhorizontall oadHdiqInclinationoftheload,causedbyhori zontalloadHdigInclinationoftheload,cause dbyhorizontalloadHd-22-Foundationblocksa ndstripsmmLmBqAngleofthehorizontalloadHd withthedirectionL dEffectiveoverburdenatthefoundationbase[ ]With.

8 H1&h2readfromthePadFoundationLibraryhbac kfillreadfromthePadFoundationinput tisdependingonthewaterlevelasfollows:Wat erlevel tNoinfluence Backfill,datfoundationbase Backfill,datgroundlevel( Backfill,d W) Backfill,dasdefinedearlierinthisdocument . Wistakenas9,81kN/m Effectiveweightdensityofthesoilbelowthef oundationleveldependingonthewaterlevelas follows: Waterlevel d-23-Chapter 1 Noinfluence datfoundationbase( d W)atgroundlevel( d W) dasdefinedearlierinthisdocument. Wistakenas9,81kN/m R,vResistancefactorreadfromtheGeotechnic sSetupKnownSoilCapacityBearingResistance IncasetheSoilcapacityisknown, , :ValueFormulaA Effectiveareaasdefinedearlierinthisdocum ent. odDesignvalueoftheadmissiblesoilcapacity ,takenassoc ) Effectiveareaasdefinedearlierinthisdocum ent. R,hResistancefactorreadfromtheGeotechnic sSetupIncasethecheckboxWater/airinclaysu bgradeintheSubsoilLibraryisactivated, ) dDesignfrictionangleatthefoundationbaseD ependentontheCastconditionspecifiedinthe PadFoundationLibrary: CastCondition ddPrefabricatedInsituAsspecifiedearlieri nthisdocument.

9 R, ) Incasethemaximaleccentricityissetto1/3b) Incasethemaximaleccentricityissetto1 1c) , ,itimpliesthatthepadfoundationisintensio nandmaythusbe uplifted , :-26-Foundationblocksandstrips-Maximalch eckonbearing-Maximalcheckonsliding-Maxim alcheckoneccentricityBydefault,themaxima lvalueforeachofthethreechecksissetto1, ,duringtheoptimization, , , Up&down sotheAutoDesignworksintwodirectionsorthe usercansetitto Onlyup Up&down .TheParametercomboallowstheusertosetwhic hparameter(s) (Sensitivity).TheparametersareA,B,h1,h2, h3,a,b, SortBy , , , , :insteel,severalvaliditytestsarerunwhens tartingtheAutoDesign, :- Withineachiteration, hasaunitycheckbelow1, Whenbelow1,00thesameprocedureisapplied(c hangingeachparameterseparatelywithitsste p)butnowthegoalistogetascloseto1,00aspos sibleandnottogoover1, Intheend,asituationisreachedwherenoparam etercanbedecreasedwithitsstepanymoresinc ethiswillleadtoaunitycheckabove1, 1 References[1]EN1997-1,Eurocode7:Geotechn icaldesign Part1:Generalrules,CEN,2004.

10 [2]FrankR.,BaudoinC.,DriscollR.,Kavvadas M.,KrebsOvesenN.,OrrT.,SchuppenerB.,Desi gner sGuidetoEN1997-1 Eurocode7:Geo-technicaldesign Part1:Generalrules,ThomasTelford,2004.[3 ] ,Bautabellenf rIngenieure, ,WernerVerlag,1998.[4]EN1990,Eurocode BasisofStructuralDesign,CEN,2002.[5]Lamb eT.,WhitmanR.,SoilMechanics,MIT,JohnWile y&Sons,Inc, , ( )isdefinednotonlybythedimen-sionsofthefo undationstructureandpropertiesofthesoilb elowthefootingsurface, , :usetreemenuitemLibrary>Foundationblocks , :usemenuitemLibraries> [New]. [Edit]. [OK]. :Ifnofoundationblockhasbeendefinedsofara ndtheuseropenstheFoundationblockmanager, , , , :Ifnosubsoilandnotypeoffoundationblockha sbeendefinedandtheusertriestoinsertasupp ortofFoundationblocktype, , , :Ifnosubsoilhasbeendefinedandtheusertrie stoinsertasupportofFoundationstriptype, 2 SubsoilIntroductiontosubsoilSupportsofa" foundation"type, , "under-foundation"soiliscalledsubsoiland canbedefinedusingfunctions:leither:treem enufunctionLibrary>Subsoils,lor:menufunc tionLibraries> , :treemenufunctionLibrary>Subsoils, :menufunctionLibraries> [New] [Edit].