SETTLEMENT MARKERS - Geosmart

1 SETTLEMENT MARKERS The SETTLEMENT marker is used to measure a localised SETTLEMENT or heave of roads, slopes, embankments, utility pipes and cables. Concrete to be painted in yellow Painting Convex End Concrete Nail Concrete Nail 800 minimum Concrete 50mm Concrete Structure 100Ф PVC or Steel Tube Sand Fill 75 mm Ф hole filled with cement grout after Schematic diagram of installed SETTLEMENT placing in the steel rod. marker on concrete 25Ф Steel rod Schematic diagram of installed SETTLEMENT marker in soil Backfill Backfill soil Varied Length soil 75 mm dia Heavy duty PVC pipe with Cap 16 mm dia mild steel rod 50x50x4mm steel plate Cross section of 10 cms Utilities/Services Schematic diagram of installed SETTLEMENT marker on utility INSTALLATION AND MONITORING SETTLEMENT marker on Concrete SETTLEMENT marker for Utility Installed on a Pavement services SETTLEMENT marker in Ground The monitoring of SETTLEMENT marker is carried out by leveling survey and readings are taken at regular intervals to check any SETTLEMENT or heave.

2 GROUNDWATER STANDPIPE Measures fluctuation of ground water level. It is used as part of a system for early detection of water loss that could cause ground SETTLEMENT . INSTALLATION Protective Cover Ground Level Bentonite Pellets Perforated PVC Pipe Coarse Grain Sand Bottom Cap A cap and protective box is placed Schematic diagram of ground water stand pipe over the water standpipe tube opening to prevent disturbance. MONITORING Water level indicator Ground water level is measured by using water level indicator. The probe of water level indicator is lowered down into the water standpipe until light or buzzer indicates contact with the water. Depth to water level is measured from the measuring tape attached to the indicator. VIBRATING WIRE PEIZOMETER Measures changes in the ground water pressure at different depths.

3 It is used as part of a system for early detection of change in water pressure that could cause ground SETTLEMENT . INSTALLATION To terminal Ground Level Grout Electric Cable Bentonite Pellets Vibrating wire Coarse Grain Vibrating wire piezometer tip Piezometer tip Sand Schematic diagram The borehole with vibrating wire piezometer installed is kept in a protective metal box to prevent damage & disturbance to the instrument. MONITORING Vibrating wire piezometer data logger The vibrating wire piezometer is connected to the read out unit and the ground water pressure readings are recorded and stored in the data logger INCLINOMETER Measures lateral movements of the ground, retaining walls and piles for early detection of any disturbance or effect to structures and property due to construction activity.

4 INSTALLATION Protective cover Ground Level Grout After the installation of Metal protective boxes Inclinometer casing inclinometer casing in the are used to prevent the hole, the casing top is instruments from being capped to prevent the disturbed. Instrument Bottom entry of foreign particles. identification is affixed on to the box. Schematic diagram of inclinometer casing MONITORING Inclinometer probe Cross section view of inclinometer probe inside the casing during monitoring works The inclinometer probe is lowered down in to the casing and at every m intervals it records the lateral movement. The raw data obtained is transmitted from the inclinometer probe to a read out or a PDA by Bluetooth technology. MAGNETIC extensometer Measures SETTLEMENT of the ground at various depths for early detection of any disturbance or effect due to construction activity.

5 INSTALLATION Installed casing is capped and kept in a protective metal box to prevent damage & disturbance Schematic diagram of magnetic extensometer MONITORING Magnetic extensometer probe & spider magnet The magnetic extensometer probe is lowered down into the casing untill light or buzzer indicates the contact with the spider magnet. Depth of the magnet is measured from the measuring tape attached to the probe.