Ship Stability for Masters and Mates

1 ship Stability for Masters and Mates This page intentionally left blank ship Stability for Masters and Mates Sixth edition Consolidated 2006. Revised by Dr Barrass FRINA CNI. By Captain Derrett AMSTERDAM BOSTON HEIDELBERG LONDON. NEW YORK OXFORD PARIS SAN DIEGO. SAN FRANCISCO SINGAPORE SYDNEY TOKYO. Butterworth-Heinemann An imprint of Elsevier Ltd Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8DP. 30 Corporate Road, Burlington, MA 01803. First published by Stanford Maritime Ltd 1964. Third edition (metric) 1972. Reprinted 1973, 1975, 1977, 1979, 1982. Fourth edition 1984. Reprinted 1985. Fourth edition by Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd 1990. Reprinted 1990 (twice), 1991, 1993, 1997, 1998, 1999. Fifth edition 1999.

2 Reprinted 2000 (twice), 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004. Sixth edition 2006. Copyright 2006, Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher Permission may be sought directly from Elsevier's Science & Technology Rights Department in Oxford, UK: phone ( 44) (0) 1865 843830; fax ( 44) (0) 1865 853333;. email: Alternatively you can submit your request online by visiting the Elsevier web site at , and selecting Obtaining permission to use Elsevier material Notice No responsibility is assumed by the publisher for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions or ideas contained in the material herein.

3 Because of rapid advances in the medical sciences, in particular, independent verification of diagnoses and drug dosages should be made British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress ISBN 13: 987-0-7506-6784-5. ISBN 10: 0-7506-6784-2. For information on all Butterworth-Heinemann publications visit our web site at Typeset by Charon Tec Ltd, Chennai, India Printed and bound in Great Britain Contents Acknowledgements ix Preface xi Introduction xiii Part 1 Linking ship Stability and ship Motions 1 Forces and moments 3.

4 2 Centroids and the centre of gravity 11. 3 Density and specific gravity 21. 4 Laws of flotation 24. 5 Group weights, water draft, air draft and density 34. 6 Transverse statical Stability 44. 7 Effect of free surface of liquids on Stability 51. 8 TPC and displacement curves 56. 9 Form coefficients 62. 10 Simpson's Rules for areas and centroids 69. 11 Second moments of area moments of inertia 94. 12 Calculating KB, BM and metacentric diagrams 103. 13 Final KG plus twenty reasons for a rise in G 118. 14 Angle of list 124. 15 Moments of statical Stability 134. 16 Trim or longitudinal Stability 143. 17 Stability and hydrostatic curves 172. 18 Increase in draft due to list 189. 19 Water pressure 194.

5 20 Combined list and trim 198. 21 Calculating the effect of free surface of liquids (FSE) 202. 22 Bilging and permeability 213. 23 Dynamical Stability 227. 24 Effect of beam and freeboard on Stability 233. 25 Effects of side winds on Stability 236. vi Contents 26 Icing allowances plus effects on trim and Stability 239. 27 Type A, Type B and Type (B-60) vessels plus FL and PL curves (as governed by DfT regulations) 243. 28 Load lines and freeboard marks 248. 29 Timber ship freeboard marks 261. 30 IMO Grain Rules for the safe carriage of grain in bulk 266. 31 Angle of loll 276. 32 True mean draft 281. 33 The inclining experiment plus fluctuations in a ship 's lightweight 286. 34 The calibration book plus soundings and ullages 293.

6 35 Drydocking and grounding 301. 36 Liquid pressure and thrust plus centres of pressure 312. 37 ship squat in open water and in confined channels 324. 38 Interaction, including two case studies 337. 39 Heel due to turning 353. 40 Rolling, pitching and heaving motions 356. 41 Synchronous rolling and parametric rolling of ships 366. 42 List due to bilging side compartments 369. 43 Effect of change of density on draft and trim 375. 44 List with zero metacentric height 379. 45 The deadweight scale 382. 46 The Trim and Stability book 385. 47 Simplified Stability information 388. 48 The Stability pro-forma 394. Nomenclature of ship terms 403. Photographs of merchant ships 409. Ships of this millennium 412.

7 Part 2 Linking ship Stability and ship Strength 49 Bending of beams 417. 50 Bending of ships 431. 51 Strength curves for ships 437. 52 Bending and shear stresses 447. Part 3 Endnotes 53 Draft Surveys 467. 54 Quality control plus the work of ship surveyors 470. 55 Extracts from the 1998 Merchant Shipping (Load Line) Regulations Reference Number MSN 1752 (M) 473. 56 Keeping up to date 480. Contents vii Part 4 Appendices I Summary of Stability formulae 485. II SQA/MCA 2004 syllabuses for Masters and Mates 497. III Specimen exam questions with marking scheme 505. IV 100 Revision one-liners 516. V How to pass exams in maritime studies 520. References 522. Answers to exercises 524. Index 531.

8 To my wife Hilary and our family Acknowledgements I gladly acknowledge with grateful thanks the help, comments and encouragement afforded to me by the following personnel in the Maritime Industry: Captain Derrett, Author of ship Stability for Masters and Mates ', Third edition (metric) 1972, published by Stanford Maritime Ltd. Captain Sergio Battera, Vice-Chief (Retired) Pilot, Co-operation of Venice Port and Estuary Authority. Julian Parker, Secretariat, The Nautical Institute, London. Tim Knaggs, Editor of the Naval Architect, Royal Institute of Naval Architects, London. Gary Quinn, Head of Testing Services, Scottish Qualification Authority (SQA) Glasgow. Roger Towner, Chief Examiner, Department for Transport/Maritime and Coastguard Agency (DfT/MCA), Southampton.

9 Captain Leggett, Area Operations Manager (Surveys and Inspections), Maritime and Coastguard Agency, Liverpool. Captain Neil McQuaid, Chief Executive, Marcon Associates Ltd, Southport. Malcolm Dann, Partner, Brookes Bell Jarrett Kirmann Ltd, Liverpool. Captain Clark, Maritime Author for The Nautical Institute, London. Darren Dodd, Managing Director, Saab Tank Control (UK), Wokingham. Colin Jones, Stock Control Manager, DPM Ltd, Liverpool. This page intentionally left blank Preface This book was written specifically to meet the needs of students studying for their Transport Certificates of Competency for Deck Officers and Engineering Officers, and STCW equivalent international qualifications.

10 Several specimen examination questions, together with a marking scheme, have been kindly supplied by SQA/MCA. The book will also prove to be extremely useful to Maritime Studies degree students and serve as a quick and handy reference for Shipboard Officers, Naval Architects, ship Designers, ship Classification Surveyors, Marine Consultants, Marine Instrument Manufactures, Drydock Personnel, ship -owner Superintendents and Cargo-Handling Managers. Stability can exist when a vessel is rolling or trimming it is the ability to remain in stable equilibrium or otherwise. Hence there is a link between ship Stability and ship Motion. Stability can also exist in ship structures via the strength of the material from which they are built.