Sickle Cell Anemia 1910: A Medical Discovery

1 Sickle Cell Anemia 1910 : A Medical Discovery American Sickle Cell Anemia Association 2009 Annual Report Reprint permission January 2010. The First Two Sickle Cell Anemia Patients in the Medical Literature - A Study in Contrasts By Todd L. Savitt, , healed his wound, leaving a scar similar to University Health Systems of Eastern Carolina others on his limbs. He continued his journey Department of Medical Humanities, The Brody to Chicago. School of Medicine at East Carolina University Around Thanksgiving Day, Noel, then a first- In the November 1910 issue of "Archives of year dental student at the Chicago College of Internal Medicine," James B.

2 Herrick of Chi- Dental Surgery (CCDS), developed severe res- cago reported on "Peculiar Elongated and piratory problems. He coped with these symp- Sickle -Shaped Red Blood Corpuscles in a toms until the day after Christmas, when he Case of Severe Ane- walked, weak and mia." Three short dizzy, across the months later, in the street from his lodg- February 1911 issue ings to Presbyterian of the "Virginia Hospital. There Dr. Medical Semi- Ernest E. Irons, a 27- Monthly," an author year-old intern, ob- identified errone- tained a history and ously as " performed routine Washburn, Univer- physical, blood, and sity of Virginia" (it urine examinations.)

3 Should have read He noticed that " Washburn") Noel's blood smear published a case re- contained "many pear port citing Herrick's -shaped and elon- article and using pre- gated forms--some cisely the same de- small," and alerted scriptive title as Her- his attending physi- rick. These two re- cian, Dr. Herrick, of ports introduced the unusual blood modern medicine to findings. In his next the disorder that Sickling red blood cells blood examination came to be known as report, on December Sickle cell Anemia (SCA). Who were the peo- 31, Irons drew a rough sketch of these erythro- ple involved? cytes--the first pictures of sickled cells . When the "SS Cearense" docked in New York For the next two years Herrick and Irons fol- on September 15, 1904, after an eight-day voy- lowed Noel through several episodes of severe age from Barbados, one of its passengers had a illness as he continued his dental studies, but Medical problem.

4 A sore on the ankle of a 20- never could confirm a diagnosis for Noel's ill- year-old Grenadian, Walter Clement Noel, had ness. In May 1910 , three years after losing become quite painful. He sought help from a track of their patient (who had graduated from physician in New York. Time and iodine CCDS and returned to Grenada to practice Continued on Inside Back Cover ASCAA Services Newborn Screening and Testing: ASCAA provides vital testing for new- borns, parents, Head Start centers, and the general public. ASCAA currently tests more than 3,500 individuals annually. : , which stands for Choosing Health Aware- ness Mobility Personal Power and Success, is a youth pro- gram designed for children and teens with Sickle cell disease.)

5 4%. Family Support 5% Newborn Hispanic Screening Education 28%. 7%. Website/. Education Request 9%. Counseling: ASCAA provides in-house and community Education/. Presentation outreach counseling to those affected by 10%. sickling diseases and trait variants, as well as to those who want to learn more about Testing the effects on 21%. individuals and Counseling their families. 16%. Supportive Services: ASCAA provides supportive family activi- ties, crisis intervention support, youth pro- grams, and in-hospital counseling to families and individuals living and coping with Sickle cell disease. Global Education: Since its inception, ASCAA has distributed over 425,000.

6 450,000. educational packages both locally and globally. ASCAA also provides educational presentations to students, teachers, so- cial workers, physicians, the media and the general public. For more information visit our website at Financial Review Financial Review The information contained in the financial review section is presented in accordance The informationwith auditinginstandards contained generally the financial reviewaccepted section in the is presented United in States of accordance America with auditingand the standards standards applicable generally to financial accepted in the audits contained United in Government States of America and theAuditing standardsStandards.

7 Applicable to financial audits contained in Government Auditing Standards. Major Funders Major Contributors Major Funders Major Contributors City of Cleveland/CDBG AKA Epsilon Lambda Omega: The Cleveland City Clinic of Cleveland/CDBG AKAIn Epsilon MemoryLambda of Karen Adkinson Omega: The Cleveland The Harry K. &Clinic Emma R. East In High School, Memory Youngstown of Karen City Adkinson Fox The Foundation Harry K. & Emma R. Schools, East Youngstown, High School, Ohio City Youngstown Ohio Fox Department Foundation of Health Gulfstream Gerzeny, Park Racing Ohio Schools,Dorothy Youngstown, United Ohio Way Services Department of Health Association Gulfstream Inc.

8 , Park Racing United Way Services Hiram Grand Inc., Association Lodge: In Honor of Nazaray Hiram McKinney Grand Lodge: In Honor of Oglesby NazarayConstruction, McKinney Inc. Worford,Construction, Oglesby Mark A., DDS Inc. Worford, Mark A., DDS. Prayer Unlimited Worford, Mark A., DDS. Major Funders City of Cleveland/CDBG Brown, Donjuanna Gilmore, Rowena V. Cleveland Clinic Foundation Brown, Henrietta Glenn, Brian The Harry K. & Emma R. Fox Brown, Latayana Grace, Robert Foundation Burston, Renee Graham, Victoria Ohio Department of Health Butler, Jasmine Green, Shelby United Way Services Byrd, Regenia Griffith, Marshall A. Cade, Stacie Gutierre, Alina Major Contributors Cain, Rita Hailes, Almarita Carr, Jermel Hall, Gail M.

9 AKA Epsilon Lambda Omega: Carter, Andrea Hampton, Brenda In Memory of Karen Adkinson Carter, Gwendolyn Harper, Gertrude East High School Carter, Leslie Harper, Michael Emma R. Fox Charitable Trust, Carter, Michelle Harrell, Sheila D. Gerzeny, Dorothy Carter, Stacie Haynes, Steven A. Gulfstream Park Racing Casado, Ricardo Headen, Cynthia Association Inc., Charleston, Charlotte Heard, Joyce Hiram Grand Lodge: Cloud, Barri Higgins, Walter In Honor of Nazaray McKinney Cloud, Evelyn I. Highsmith-Poole, Linda Oglesby Construction, Inc. Cluse, Tonya Hill, Walter H. Prayer Unlimited Colbert-Gunn, Che'rri Hines, Terry Worford, Mark A., DDS Colby, III, Dill Hollingsworth, Torey Coleman-Smith, Sharon Holmes, Roxann General Donations Covarrubias, Ana Holt, Patrick D.

10 Crawford, Ervin Home Depot Aaron, Carrie Crumb, Stanford Hopkins, Angelica Abbott Employee Giving Campaign Cunningham, Alice M. Houston, Bernice H. Afriyie, Kwabena Cunningham, Gerald Howard, Edward AKA Chi Kappa Omega Chapter Curry, Constance Hubbard, Pauletta Alexander, Sara Curtis, Ronda Hudson, Deborah Allstate Giving Campaign Dailey, Tiffany D. Hughes, Sharon Ashford, Stephanie Davenport, Martha Hunter, Stephanie Bailey, Alfred Davis, Christine Hurn, Kim Bank of America United Way Davis, Denise Jackson, Sherry Campaign Davis, Ethel Jefferson, James R. Becker, Kevin & Alicia Davis-Harris, Jeanette Jenkins, Chantel Bell, Phutur Dennis, James Johnson, Margaret Berhannan, Tanya Dews, Teresa, MD Johnson, Mary L.