SIMONA AG technical. Handbook

1 SIMONA PlasticsSIMONA AGTeichweg 1655606 KirnGermanyPhone +49 (0) 67 52 14-0 Fax +49 (0) 67 52 on Hello Fat Matt by Deutsche Papier12/2016 - 12/16 - EN - 500 - RHPlastic is possibly one of the most versatile and important materials of the 20th and 21st century an integral part of life as we currently know it. Today, plastics are capable of solving problems in many different fields of application ranging from industry and technology to automotive engineering, consumer goods and medical Contents123451 Preface 72 Chemical fundamentals of plastics Thermoplastics Amorphous thermoplastics without side groups Amorphous thermoplastics with side groups Partially crystalline thermoplastics Summary of thermoplastics Thermoset plastics Unsaturated polyester resins (UP) Epoxy resins (EP) Phenacrylic resins (PHA) or vinyl ester resins (VE) Phenolic resins (PF)

2 Elastomers 163 General description of SIMONA thermoplastics Polyethylene (PE) Polypropylene homopolymer (PP-H) Isotactic polypropylene Syndiotactic polypropylene Atactic polypropylene Polypropylene copolymer (PP-C) Polyvinyl chloride (PVC-U) Post-chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) Ethylene chlorotrifluoroethylene (ECTFE) Ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE) Perfluoroalkoxy copolymer (PFA) Glycol-modified polyethylene terephthalate (PETG) Polylactic acid (PLA) Polyamides (PA) Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) Polycarbonate (PC)

3 254 Material specifications PE PP Rigid PVC Foamed PVC PETG, PVDF, ECTFE, PFA 335 Physical properties Mechanical properties Mechanical properties of thermoplastics Tensile test Bending test Pressure test Torsion pendulum test Ring shear test and segment shear test Pull-off test Testing notched impact strength Testing impact strength Surface hardness Ball indentation hardness H as per DIN EN ISO 2039-1 Shore D hardness as per DIN EN ISO 868 Wear properties Sand-slurry test Thermal properties Thermal conduction Heat capacity Thermal conductivity Heat transfer Thermal expansion Heat distortion temperature test Fire rating Fire test as per

4 DIN 4102 SBI test as per DIN EN 13823 Fire test as per FM 4910 Fire tests as per UL 94 Permeation Water absorption Electrical properties Electrical conductivity Dielectric properties Dielectric strength Ed in accordance with DIN 53481 / VDE 0303-1 Electric tracking resistance in accordance with DIN 53480 / VDE 0303-1 Static 646 Chemical properties 657 Other properties Physiological safety Contact with food according to European Directives Contact with drinking water Radiation resistance 698 Long-term properties Test methods Tensile creep test Internal pressure creep rupture strength test Full notch creep test (FNCT)

5 Creep curves Isochronous stress-strain diagrams Structural analyses Materials in tank construction requiring mandatory test certificates 769 Plastic physics Stress types Reduction of inherent stresses Heat stresses Influence of orientations on the properties of plastics Shrinkage Contraction Influences on component strength Notch effect Welding thermoplastics Weldability of material types Welding methods Structural strength Position of weld seams Stresses Stress cracking Inherent stresses Calculation of permissible cold-bending radii Ageing Ageing processes due to light Photolysis Photo-oxidation Other ageing processes Ageing tests 9610 Legal note and advice 9911 List of illustrations, tables and literature 1 PrefacePlastic a word with highly emotive and contradictory connotations: On the one hand, it is seen as one of the negative aspects of modern civilisation, particularly against the backdrop of public debate concerning the environment ( marine littering being a case in point).

6 On the other hand, however, plastic is possibly one of the most versatile and important materials of the 20th and 21st century an integral part of life as we currently know it. Today, plastics are capable of solving problems in many different fields of application ranging from indus-try and technology to automotive engineering, consumer goods and medical devices. The origins of plastic, a substance that is synthetic as opposed to being produ-ced naturally, stretch far back to the beginning of the 19th century. Whether natural rubber or derivatives produced from cellulose ( celluloid ), the 19th century heralded the dawn of early bioplastics (now becoming increasingly prominent thanks to intense marketing in response to current concerns over the environment and debate centred around sustainability).

7 This was followed by other mass-market plastics that are still in use today manufactured with the help of , for example, was developed in a laboratory in the mid-1920s and first saw the light of day (at an industrial level) in around 1930. The first PVC pipes date back to this period. The mid-1940s saw the birth of polyethylene and polypropylene. The first industrial goods made of these plastics were launched in the 1950s. In industrial terms, this decade also marked the beginning for fluorin-ated plastics such as Teflon (PTFE).The plastics boom reached its peak after the Second World War, contributing significantly to the buoyant era of post-war industrialisation.

8 In actual fact, however, the development of specialist plastics is far from over. Like-wise, there are many fields of application that have yet to be unlocked. New groups of material are being enginee-red and prepared for mass production in particular within the area of specialty or functionalised a manufacturer of thermoplastic products such as semi-finished parts, pipes and fittings as well as finished parts and components for various assemblies, SIMONA AG is equally committed to identifying new products and fields of AG was established by the Simon brothers as a leather producer in as early as 1857. Our history as a company reflects the direction taken by industrial society as a whole.

9 Against the backdrop of changing economic conditions and technical innovation, our company s product range was transformed almost completely. Over the decades, SIMONA saw the transition from leather to premium-quality semi-finished plastics from a nat-ural product to a product based on synthetic polymers manufactured at an industrial success of this paradigm shift within the company is a testament to our pioneering efforts in the field of semi-finished plastics and our commitment to devel-oping and evolving specific areas of application in close collaboration with our customers. We have excelled not only as a result of our significant expertise surrounding the materials and processes used but also due to our indepth knowledge of the individual fields of application and the interactions of various materials within these specific book brings together our expertise in the field of materials and applications.

10 It has been compiled with our customers in mind, for those people who, like SIMONA , have a keen interest in plastic as one of the most versatile materials imaginable for people who share our passion and are inspired by the many areas of application that plastics can unlock. It is to be seen as a reference book, training manual and source for new ideas. With this in mind, we hope you enjoy reading this book and look forward to any comments you might AGTechnical Service Centre/Applications 2 Chemical fundamentals of plasticsIn nature there are numerous biopolymers but the plastics commonly used nowadays are polymers that are synthetically manufactured from oil, natural gas and coal or by conversion of natural products ( sugar, etc.)