SITUATION ANALYSIS - kg.one.un.org

1 SITUATION ANALYSISof children in the Kyrgyz RepublicSituation ANALYSIS of children in the Kyrgyz Republic1 SITUATION ANALYSIS OF children IN THE KYRGYZ REPUBLIC2 TABLE OF CONTENTS1. INTRODUCTION 42. MAIN AREAS OF PROGRESS 8 A CHILD S RIGHT TO SURVIVAL AND DEVELOPMENT 8 Early years ( children 0-5 years) 8 A CHILD S RIGHT TO BE BORN AND REMAIN FREE OF HIV 9 A CHILD S RIGHT TO EARLY LEARNING 9 A CHILD S RIGHT TO AN INCLUSIVE QUALITY EDUCATION 11 School-aged years ( children 6 to 17 years)

2 11 A CHILD S RIGHT TO ACCESS TO JUSTICE 12 A CHILD S RIGHT TO SOCIAL PROTECTION 12 A CHILD S RIGHT TO PROTECTION FROM THE RISKS OF DISASTERS 133. AREAS OF LESS PROGRESS 14 A CHILD S RIGHT TO SURVIVAL AND DEVELOPMENT 14 Early years ( children 0-5 years)

3 14 A CHILD S RIGHT TO HEALTH 14 A CHILD S RIGHT TO BE BORN AND REMAIN FREE OF HIV 17 A CHILD S RIGHT TO EARLY LEARNING 18 A CHILD S RIGHT TO AN INCLUSIVE QUALITY EDUCATION 18 School aged years ( children 6 to 17 years) 18 AN ADOLESCENT S RIGHT TO A SECOND CHANCE 19 A CHILD S RIGHT TO A SUPPORTIVE AND CARING FAMILY ENVIRONMENT 19 A CHILD S RIGHT TO SOCIAL PROTECTION 20 A YOUNG CHILD S RIGHT TO COMPREHENSIVE WELL-BEING 22 children with disabilities 22

4 children of migrants 23 A CHILD S RIGHT TO PROTECTION FROM THE RISKS OF DISASTERS 234. INEQUALITIES BASED ON GENDER, WELL-BEING AND GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION 245. DETERMINANTS OF children S VULNERABILITY 30 POVERTY 30 SOCIAL DIMENSIONS OF VULNERABILITY 31 ENABLING ENVIRONMENT (INSTITUTIONAL & LEGAL FRAMEWORK, FINANCING, COORDINATION)

5 32 WEAKNESSES IN THE SUPPLY AND QUALITY OF SOCIAL SERVICES 32 SOCIO-CULTURAL FACTORS 34 CONFLICT AND PEACEBUILDING CHALLENGES 34 NATURAL DISASTERS 356. CONCLUSIONS 36 SITUATION ANALYSIS of children in the Kyrgyz Republic3 ABBREVIATIONSAIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency SyndromeCBK Community Based KindergartenCEDAW Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against WomenCRC Convention on the Rights of the ChildCWD children living With DisabilitiesDRR Disaster Risk ReductionECD Early Childhood DevelopmentFGP Family Group PracticeGDP Gross Domestic ProductGMI Guaranteed Minimum IncomeGNI Gross National IncomeGPE Global Partnership for EducationHIV Human Immunodeficiency VirusICCPR International Covenant on

6 Civil and Political RightsICESCR International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural RightsIDU Injecting Drug UserKGS Kyrgyz SomMBPF Monthly Benefit for Poor FamiliesMCH Mother and Child HealthMDG Millennium Development GoalMICS Multiple Indicator Cluster SurveyMoES Ministry of Education and ScienceMoSD Ministry of Social DevelopmentODA Overseas Development AssistanceOOSC Out-Of-School ChildrenPMTCT Prevention of Mother-To-Child TransmissionUNICEF United Nations children s FundU5MR Under-Five Mortality RateUSD United States Dollar 41. Since conducting SITUATION Assessment of children in 2011, the SITUATION of children in the Kyrgyz Republic has improved in some areas. More children are surviving and gaining access to preschool education, and many more are enjoying access to adequate sources of water supply and sanitation, and are enrolling in primary school.

7 At the same time, however, there are still enormous challenges in the systems to support children and women, especially those who experience inequality or those who remain as yet invisible in the social protection system. In the previous SITUATION Assessment, the political upheaval and the inter-ethnic conflict of 2010 were very much a factor in the lives of children . While the country has seen a peaceful, democratic transfer of power and the threat of conflict is less, there remain significant chal-lenges from that time that require continued peacebuilding efforts and strengthening toler-ance that will promote a safer environment for children to grow and be able to claim their basic rights.

8 An important note is that while the strengthening of inter-ethnic relations is an important part of creating such an environment, the relative strength of those relations is un-derpinned by insecurities in access to and delivery of basic social services. Although there are ethnic issues that need to be addressed, these should be part of a broad approach that seeks to address gaps in basic social services and, thereby, promote a more stable and equitable en-vironment for This study SITUATION ANALYSIS of children in the Kyrgyz Republic 2014 was developed by the United Nations children s Fund (UNICEF). It highlights recent trends and progresses, and analy-ses the multiple factors that hinder the realization of children s rights in the Kyrgyz Republic.

9 It is hoped that the study will inform the policy dialogue and promote progress towards a more rapid, comprehensive and equitable outcome for all the rights of all children in the Kyrgyz This report is divided into five sections. In Section 2, the report examines the areas of greatest progress, especially in relation to UNICEF s continued effort to strengthen development gains in the Kyrgyz Republic. The focus on the areas of greatest progress allows for a discussion of achievements amid the entrenched development challenges. In Section 3, the report outlines areas of less progress and analyses areas for further improvement. The focus on this area allows for a renewed focus on the challenges that remain and the obstacles that must be overcome. In Section 4, the report discusses inequalities based on gender, well-being and geographical location.

10 Issues related to urban-rural inequalities and the effects of poverty are explored in relation to promoting equity in Kyrgyzstan. In Section 5, the report focuses on determinants of children s vulnerability. Although these determinants contribute to continued challenges in the country (as reflected in the discussions on areas of greatest and less progress), this is pro-vided as a separate section to allow for a broader discussion on vulnerabilities. Section 4 and 5 highlight the types of issues that still must be addressed in order to strengthen the gains made and to assess approaches to address challenges outlined in Section 3. Finally, in Section 6, the report discusses conclusions related to the current SITUATION ANALYSIS of children and women in the Kyrgyz Republic.