Skinput: Advance Input Technology - IJCER

1 ISSN (e): 2250 3005 || Vol, 05 || Issue,02 || February 2015 || International Journal of Computational Engineering Research ( IJCER ) Open Access Journal Page 29 skinput : Advance Input Technology Shaikh Abdur Rehman Mohammed Sadique1, Pragnesh N Shah2 1 Dept of Electronics, Pillai Institute of Information Technology , Engineering, Media Studies & Research, University Of Mumbai 2 Professor,Dept of Electronics Pillai Institute Of Information Technology , Engineering, Media Studies & Research, University Of Mumbai I. INTRODUCTION Skin put is a Technology which uses the surface of the skin as an Input device.

2 Our skin produces natural and distinct mechanical vibrations when tapped at different places. However, skin is fundamentally different from conventional, off-body touch surfaces. As skin is stretchable, it allows for additional Input modalities, such as pulling, pressing and squeezing. This increases the Input space for on-skin interactions and enables more varied forms of interaction, for instance more varied gestures. This opens up a new interaction space, which is largely unexplored. We aim to contribute to the systematic understanding of skin as an Input modality and of its specific capabilities.

3 To start with, we focus on Input on the upper limb ( upper arm, forearm, hand and fingers), for this is the most frequently used location. Devices with significant computational power and capabilities can now be easily carried on our bodies. Appropriating the human body as an Input device is appealing not only because we have roughly two square meters of external surface area, but also because much of it is easily accessible by our hands ( , arms, upper legs, torso). In this paper, we present our work on skinput a method that allows the body to be appropriated for finger Input using a novel, non-invasive, wearable bio-acoustic sensor.

4 II. THEORATICAL REVIEW Skin put using touch on palm or hand surface. :As computing becomes more mobile, there is an increasing need to develop more advanced Input tools and methods. Screens are smaller, cameras are more ubiquitous, and touch Technology is everywhere. Yet entering text, choosing graphics entities, performing drag-and-drop, and so on are still difficult. One real struggle in dealing with small screens is surface area. Current mobile-devices screens have enough clarity that you can detect tiny objects, even as presbyopia set in. skinput combines simple bio-acoustic sensor and some sophisticated machine learning to enable people to use their finger or forearms as touch pads.

5 It has been, found that different types of finger taps on different parts of the hand and forearm produce unique acoustic signatures as per the study conducted by Carnegie Mellon University Machine learning parses the features into a unique interpretation of the different taps. skinput gives new meaning to the term touch typing. Figure 1: skinput uses bio-acoustic sensor and sophisticated machine learning to turn the human palm into a touch pad. ABSTRACT In this paper we are describing about the new Input sensing Technology that is skinput . Skin put Technology enabled device acts as an Input interface. It provides a new Input technique based on bio-acoustic sensing that allows the skin to be used as a finger Input surface.

6 This also allows the body to be annexed as an Input surface without the need for the skin to be invasively instrumented with sensors, tracking markers, or other items. KEYWORD: Skin put, Bio-acoustic, Finger, Pico-Projector, Palm, Proprioception. skinput : Advance Open Access Journal Page 30 More than touch : Skin is fundamentally different from off body touch surfaces, opening up a new and largely unexplored interaction space. We investigate characteristics of the various skin-specific Input modalities, analyze what kinds of gestures are performed on skin, and study what are preferred Input As skin is stretchable, it allows for additional Input modalities, such as pulling, pressing and squeezing.

7 This increases the Input space for on-skin interactions and enables more varied forms of interaction, for instance more varied gestures. Figure 2: Input modalities: (a) touch, (b) grab, (c) pull, (d) press, (e) scratch, (f) shear, (g) squeeze and (h) twist. The flexible nature of skin affords not only touching, but also pulling, shearing, squeezing, and twisting. Skin is capable of sensing various levels of contact force, which enables pressing. Lastly, the physiological properties of the touching finger or hand further add to the expressiveness, touch can be performed with the fingernails, resulting in scratching, or the full hand can enclose another body part resulting in grabbing.

8 The resulting set of eight modalities as shown in Figure 2. It was derived from established modalities of conventional touch interfaces and from results of studies on the biomechanics of skin. These modalities are ranging from on-surface interaction to intense skin deformations. More complex gestures, rubbing or shaking, can be performed by using these basic Input modalities. Note that these modalities are defined from a user perspective and not from a Technology -centered one. III. PRINCIPLE The principle on which this Technology works is bio-acoustic. Whenever there is a finger taps on the skin, the impact creates acoustic signals, which can be captured by a bio-acoustic sensing device.

9 Some amount of energy is lost to the external environment in the form of sound waves. Apart of the rest energy travels along the surface of the skin and the rest is transmitted inward till it s get reflected from the bone. Depending on the type of surface on which the disturbance is created, the amplitude of the wave varies. For example, on a soft surface (forearm) the amplitude is larger as compared to a hard surface (elbow) where the amplitude is smaller. In addition to the underneath surface, the amplitude of the wave also varies with the force of disturbance. Variations in bone density, size and the different filtering effects created by soft tissues and joints create distinct acoustic locations of signals, which are sensed, processed and classified by software.

10 Interactive capabilities can be linked to different locations on the body. The average body surface area of an adult is m^2, is 400 times greater than a touch-screen phone m^2. Sailors and tattoo parlors have long seen opportunities for the body as a display. skinput adds interactivity via a Pico-projector and vibration sensing tap an image projected on your arm, and the resulting arm vibrations control an application. [4] IV. WORKING Skin put uses acoustic information, to capture this information a wearable armband that is non-invasive and easily removable is employed. The Skin put sensor and the processing techniques used to segment, analyze, and classify bio-acoustic signals are studied in this section.