SNPAnalysisReportforEasternEuropeanA - DNA …

1 SNP Analysis Report for Eastern European ADNA Tribes 2016-06-23 IntroductionDNA Tribes SNP analysisis a proprietary geographical genetic analysis that uses the part ofyour DNA known as autosomal SNPs (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms) to identify your DeepAncestry (ancient ancestry). You have inherited 50% of your autosomal DNA from your paternaland 50% from your maternal ancestors, including genetic signatures from all four of yourgrandparents and so on. Our Deep Ancestry analysis emphasizes the more ancient genetic links ofyour genome to ethnic groups (populations) around the world, rather than a more limited searchfor family relatives or an assessment of recent nationality or DNA Tribes SNP report includes the results of a number of robust statistical analyses, eachproviding a different perspective on your Deep Ancestry: (1) Admixture Analysis is based on DNAT ribesproprietaryanalysisofworldgeneticst ructure; (2)Multi-DimensionalScaling(MDS)isusedto visualize your relative genetic position among continental cores, regional clusters and individualpopulations; and (3) Total Similarity Analysis compares your genotype directly to individual ethnicgroups around the world.

2 Admixture analysesare based on DNA Tribes proprietary statistical analysis of world genetic structure andidentify the combinations of eight continental cores, 53 detailed regional clusters and over 400 individualpopulations that best match your SNP profile respectively Multi-dimensional scaling (MDS)visualizes your genetic relationship with the continental cores, regionalclusters and individual populations identified by DNA Tribes World genetic gridvisualizes the areas around the world where your SNP profile fits best Total ancestral fit rankingsassess how closely your SNP profile matches more than 400 populations in theDNA Tribes reference database when each population is considered independentlyDNA Tribesis a private, personal genomics and biotechnology company founded in 2006 inArlington, VA.

3 Our company specializes in genetic ancestry testing, and our products have beenfeatured in articles by the New York Times and Time 2006-2016 DNA Tribes All rights Tribes genetic ancestry analysis is available exclusively from DNA images courtesy NASA Earth Analysis: 8 Continental Cores3 Multi-Dimensional Scaling (MDS): 8 Continental Cores4 Admixture Analysis: 53 Regional Clusters5 Multi-Dimensional Scaling (MDS): 53 Regional Clusters6 Population Admixture: Native and Jewish Populations7 Iterative Population Admixture: Native and Jewish Populations8 Multi-Dimensional Scaling (MDS): Native and Jewish Populations9 World Genetic Grid10 Total Ancestral Fit: European Populations11 Total Ancestral Fit: Caucasus Mountains Populations14 Total Ancestral Fit: Middle Eastern Populations15 Total Ancestral Fit: African Populations17 Total Ancestral Fit: East Asian Populations19 Total Ancestral Fit: Oceanian and South Malay Archipelago Populations21 Total Ancestral Fit: North Asian Populations22 Total Ancestral Fit: South Asian Populations24 Total Ancestral Fit: Native American Populations26 Total Ancestral Fit: Diasporic 2 2006-2016 DNA Tribes All rights Tribes genetic ancestry analysis is available exclusively from DNA images courtesy NASA Earth Analysis: 8 Continental CoresThis portion of your report summarizes ancestral contributions to your genome from eightcontinentalcores identified by DNA Tribes (illustrated inthe map below).

4 More specifically, Table 1exhibits the combination of the eight continental cores (expressed in percentages) that most closelymatchesyourSNPprofile. Thesecontinentalcoresreflectthemosthigh- leveldivisionofthegeneticvariation in the world and will usually result in only one or two continental cores having non-zeromixture percentages for individuals who are of non-mixed heritage. Please keep in mind that yourresults may reflect your family s recent genealogical ancestry as well as ancient genetic 1: Your Continental Core MixtureContinental Core MixtureEuropean 3 2006-2016 DNA Tribes All rights Tribes genetic ancestry analysis is available exclusively from DNA images courtesy NASA Earth Scaling (MDS): 8 Continental CoresThis MDS plot illustrates your geo-genetic relationship with the eight continental cores identifiedby DNA Tribes.

5 Each point in the plot corresponds to a unique individual in the DNA Tribesreference database1, and the MDS plot is a two-dimensional representation of the genetic distancescomputed using 10,000s or 100,000s of SNPs (depending on the testing company sequencing yourraw SNP data). Your genotype s position is displayed as a red circle in the MDS plot, and yourgenetic make-up is most similar to the continental cores that are close to your position in the that DNA Tribes reference database contains 10,000s of individuals and the plot contains a representative sample of these 4 2006-2016 DNA Tribes All rights Tribes genetic ancestry analysis is available exclusively from DNA images courtesy NASA Earth Analysis: 53 Regional ClustersThis portion of your report summarizes ancestral contributions to your genome from 53 regionalgenetic clusters identified by DNA Tribes and illustrated in the map below.

6 More specifically, Table2 exhibits the combination of the regional clusters (expressed in percentages) that most closelymatches your SNP profile. These regional clusters at times include multiple cultures and languagesand can cross perceived boundaries between modern countries and ethnic 2: Your Regional Cluster MixtureRegional Cluster MixtureBalto - North Slavic European 5 2006-2016 DNA Tribes All rights Tribes genetic ancestry analysis is available exclusively from DNA images courtesy NASA Earth Scaling (MDS): 53 Regional ClustersThis MDS plot illustrates your geo-genetic relationship with the 53 regional clusters identified byDNA Tribes. Each point in the plot corresponds to a unique individual in the DNA Tribes referencedatabase2, and the MDS plot is a two-dimensional representation of the genetic distancescomputed using 10,000s or 100,000s of SNPs (depending on the testing company sequencing yourraw SNP data).

7 Your genotype s position is displayed as a red circle in the MDS plot, and yourgenetic make-up is most similar to the regional clusters that are close to your position in the that DNA Tribes reference database contains 10,000s of individuals and the plot is a representative sample of these 6 2006-2016 DNA Tribes All rights Tribes genetic ancestry analysis is available exclusively from DNA images courtesy NASA Earth Admixture: Native and Jewish PopulationsThis portion of your report summarizes the results of admixture analysis for identifying potentialcontributions to your genome from individual native3and Jewish populations around the 3 lists the combination of native and Jewish populations (expressed in percentages) thatmost closely matches your SNP profile. These results do not necessarily indicate percentages ofrecent family ancestors from each country or ethnic group listed, but instead express the closestgenetic fit for your genome using SNP 3: Your Population MixturePopulation MixtureLithuania Western Tribes classifies as native populations that have neither migrated nor mixed in recent history (approximately the past 500 7 2006-2016 DNA Tribes All rights Tribes genetic ancestry analysis is available exclusively from DNA images courtesy NASA Earth Population Admixture: Native and Jewish PopulationsThis portion of your report lists additional combinations of all native and Jewish populations in ourreference database that closely fit your ancestral composition.)

8 More specifically, the topcontributing population from the previous iteration is excluded in the current iteration and theprocess is repeated and summarized eight times. The iterative population mixture approach showsthat some populations are close substitutes, and your genome can be accurately approximatedusing different combinations. That is, it is difficult to attribute your genomic make-up to a single,specific combination of populations; rather, it can be summarized using different table below summarizes the absolute and relative divergences from your genome exhibited bythe iterative population 4: Your Divergence Scores for Iterative Mixture ResultsIteration Absolute Divergence Relative 8 2006-2016 DNA Tribes All rights Tribes genetic ancestry analysis is available exclusively from DNA images courtesy NASA Earth Scaling (MDS): Native and Jewish PopulationsThis plot illustrates your geo-genetic relationship with native and Jewish populations identified ashaving some of the largest contributions in your iterative population mixture analyses.

9 Unlike theMDS plots for Continental Cores and Regional Clusters, the population MDS plot aggregates allindividuals from the same population into a single point on the plot to reduce the amount ofvariability inherent within any population. Your genotype s position is displayed as a red circle inthe MDS plot, and your genetic make-up is most similar to the populations that are close to yourposition in the 9 2006-2016 DNA Tribes All rights Tribes genetic ancestry analysis is available exclusively from DNA images courtesy NASA Earth Genetic GridThisportionofyourreportshowsthegeogr aphicaldistributionofyourancestralcompos itionbasedonnativepopulationsinourdataba se. Locationsonthegridthataregeneticallymost similartoyouare mapped in red; locations that are substantially dissimilar to you are mapped in blue.

10 The colorsin between red and blue visualize the strength of your relationship to specific geographical areas ofthe 10 2006-2016 DNA Tribes All rights Tribes genetic ancestry analysis is available exclusively from DNA images courtesy NASA Earth Ancestral Fit: European PopulationsThis portion of your report ranks the similarity of your genome to European populations in ourdatabase when each population is considered independently. Each population on the map islabeled with a number expressing its ranking among your population 5: Your Population Matches: EuropeRankPopulation Map Area1 Latvia Europe2 Lithuania Europe3 Belarus Europe4 Russia Voronezh Europe5 Russia Oryol Europe6 Russia Kursk Europe7 Russia Smolensk Europe8 Ukraine General Europe9 Poland Europe10 Russia Tver Europe11 Russia General Europe12 Slovakia Europe13 Estonia Europe14 Mordvin Europe15 Ukraine Western Europe16 Moldavia Europe17 Russia Vologda Europe18 Czech Europe19 Russia Kostroma Europe20 Hungary Europe21 Russia Pinega 11 2006-2016 DNA Tribes All rights Tribes genetic ancestry analysis is available exclusively from DNA images courtesy NASA Earth Map Area22 Croatia Europe23 Slovenia Europe24 Lapland Europe25 Germany Europe26 Finland Europe27 Vepsas Europe28 Bosnia Europe29 Karelian