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1 SOCIAL MOVEMENTSFor Wladimiro della Porta and Vittorio Diani, in memoriamSOCIALMOVEMENTSAN INTRODUCTIONDONATELLA DELLA PORTA AND MARIO DIANISECOND EDITION 1999, 2006 by Donatella della Porta and Mario DianiBLACKWELL PUBLISHING350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148 5020, USA9600 Garsington Road, Oxford OX4 2DQ, UK550 Swanston Street, Carlton, Victoria 3053, AustraliaThe right of Donatella della Porta and Mario Diani to be identified as the Authors ofthis Work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs, and PatentsAct rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrievalsystem, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright,Designs, and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the edition published 1998 Second edition published 2006 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd12006 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication DataDella Porta, Donatella, 1956 SOCIAL MOVEMENTS : an introduction / Donatella della Porta and Mario Diani.

2 2nd bibliographical references and : 978-1-4051-0282-7 (pbk. : alk. paper)ISBN-10: 1-4051-0282-9 (pbk. : alk. paper)1. SOCIAL Diani,Mario, 1957 II. 4 dc222005011636A catalogue record for this title is available from the British in 10 on pt Danteby SNP Best-set Typesetter Ltd, Hong KongPrinted and bound in the United Kingdomby TJ International, Padstow, CornwallThe publisher s policy is to use permanent paper from mills that operate a sustainableforestry policy, and which has been manufactured from pulp processed using acid-freeand elementary chlorine-free practices.

3 Furthermore, the publisher ensures that the textpaper and cover board used have met acceptable environmental accreditation further information onBlackwell Publishing, visit our to the Second Editionvii1 The Study of SOCIAL MOVEMENTS : Recurring Questions, (Partially) Changing Core Questions for SOCIAL movement is Distinctive about SOCIAL MOVEMENTS ? This Book292 SOCIAL Changes and SOCIAL Structure, Political Cleavages, and Collective , Markets, and SOCIAL , Culture, and Transformations, New Conflicts, New Symbolic Dimension of Collective and Action: The Role of and Action: The Cognitive and Action and Does Identity Work?

4 Identity Facilitate Participation? Is Identity Generated and Reproduced? , Networks, and Do People Get Involved in Collective Action? The Role of Networks Always Matter? and Participation, movement Subcultures, and Virtual MOVEMENTS and Dilemmas in SOCIAL of SOCIAL movement Do SOCIAL movement Organizations Change? movement Organizations to SOCIAL movement Forms, Repertoires, and Cycles of : A of Logics and Forms of Options and Influencing Repertoire Cross-National Diffusion of of Protest, Protest Waves, and Protest Policing of Protest and Political Opportunities for SOCIAL Policing of Institutions and SOCIAL Strategies and SOCIAL , Opponents.

5 And SOCIAL Opportunity and the Media MOVEMENTS and movement Strategies and Their in Public MOVEMENTS and Procedural MOVEMENTS and Democratic MOVEMENTS and of Names329 Index of Subjects341vi CONTENTSPREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITIONMany things have happened since the first edition of this book appeared inJanuary 1999. Only a few months later, in November of the same year, whatwould have become known as the battle of Seattle drew public opinion s atten-tion worldwide towards the sustained challenge that broad coalitions of very het-erogeneous actors were mounting against neoliberal globalization and its maininstitutional protagonists, such as the IMF or the WTO.

6 All of a sudden, neolib-eralism turned from being regarded as the only possible path to development,on the basis of the TINA (There Is No Alternative [to free market]) dogma andthe so-called Washington consensus, into a highly disputed and increasinglyunpopular option. Leading financiers, economists, and policymakers as well aspolitical leaders across the left right spectrum were confronted with the claimthat another world was indeed will tell whether the last few years have actually seen the emergence ofa new major political force, in the shape of the global justice movement (s) activeacross the five continents.

7 We think they have, as we shall try to point outthroughout this book, but we might be wrong. Whatever the case, the last yearshave certainly seen new problems arising for SOCIAL movement analysts, and there-fore also for a book like ours. The first edition ofSocial Movementswas stronglyembedded in, and reflective of, the experience of the new SOCIAL MOVEMENTS :that is to say, the MOVEMENTS which had developed since the late 1960s on issuessuch as women s rights, gender relations, environmental protection, ethnicityand migration, peace and international solidarity with a strong (new) middle-class basis and a clear differentiation from the models of working-class or nation-alist collective action that had historically preceded them.

8 While there are surelycontinuities between those MOVEMENTS and the current wave of global justicecampaigns, there are also many suggestions that the overall patterns of collec-tive action they display is significantly different from those we had grown accus-tomed to. After many years in the doldrums, to borrow Leila Rupp and VertaTaylor s felicitous expression, working-class action seems to be back with avengeance; over all, mobilizations by the dispossessed (be they unskilled workerson precarious employment in the US, populations affected by famine and diseasein West Sudan, or local communities threatened by new dams in India) havegained increasing attention and visibility.

9 Basic survival rights and SOCIAL entitle-ments seem to play a more balanced role in contemporary mobilizations, along-side more postmaterial ones, related to quality of life, than was the case in therecent is not for us to discuss here whether the oblivion in which collective actionon SOCIAL inequality has been left in the past decades was due to its actual diminished relevance, or to oversights on the part of most SOCIAL movementresearchers (surely not all, as people like Colin Barker or Paul Bagguley in theUK or Judith Stepan-Norris, Maurice Zeitlin, Rick Fantasia, Kim Voss, or Gio-vanni Arrighi in the US have constantly reminded us).

10 Either way, the conse-quence for this new edition ofSocial Movementshas been that the context withinwhich we had located our work appeared to us, after only five years, very dif-ferent. Our first response has been that of changing most of the examples of col-lective-action processes with which we start each chapter of the book. In thisnew edition they mostly refer to instances of conflicts or personal experiences of activism, somehow linked with global justice campaigns or perhaps mobi-lizations on a transnational scale.