Sodium DNA acts - Kalichem

1 L. Rigano and c. AndoLfattoLaboratori L. Rigano, Milan, ItalyF. RastreLLiKalichem Italia, Botticino Sera, ItalyKEY WORDS: antiaging, Sodium DNA, cell renewal, skinmoisturization, skin elasticityABSTRACT: A particular extract of DNA from the gonadic tissueof male sturgeons is shown to have cell renewaleffects with possible antiaging beneJits for skinmoisture, thickness, elasticity and a reduction in DNA is an ingredient withactivity at the cellular level. This facthas led to its incorporation in numeroushigh-end antiaging skin care products. Anexplanation of that activity and results ofseveral tests of one Sodium DNA materialare presentedin this ) as the years pass) biologicaland environmental damage accumulatesand wiq!not be repaired most important changes concerncollagen and elastin fibers) the basicconstituents of the connective tissue. Theamount of collagen) which is synthesizedby the fibroblasts) tends to decrease asthe activity of the fibroblasts is modi-fied;this adds to the effects of the sunradiatlon and the fal1 in estrogen is necessaryon different levelsto slow downthe skin aging menopause the elastin fibersatrophyas the dermis thins and their pro-duction is altered; thus, the dermis loosesits viscoelastic properties.

2 In addition,the epidermis becomes less efficient inperforming its barrier function becauseof a loss of keratinocytes and a reductionin the thickness of the hydrolipid fi1mthickness on its skin tends to look dull, becomesdry and dehydrated, less firm andnot homogeneous, grows thin andslackens. This is caused by a numberof factors. On the one hand, the inputof biological nutri nts becomes poordue to reduced skin vascularizationand slow cell renewalj on the otherhand, the progressive degeneration ofthe dermal connective tissue and thestructural changes in the epidermisplay their role. Environmental stressmust also be considered. Skin cells areexposed daily to UV rays, infrared (IR),osmotic stress and poor moisturization;therefore, they become an easy target forthousands of free radicals. Furthermore,psychological stress weakens the body'sdefense system, making it more vulner-able totheir conclusion, it seems clear thataction is necessary on different levels toslow down the skin aging DNA to StimuLateCeLl RepairMore than 30 years ago in Russia,experiments were performed with theaim of developing an effective treat-ment for diseases related to ionizingradiation.

3 Among the biologica1ly activematerials tested was deoxyribonucleicacid (DNA) extracted from the gonadictissue of male sturgeons. The extractwas carefully purified, depolymerizedand neutralized with Sodium hydroxideaccording documented extract later received the INCI name Sodium feedback on Sodium DNAwas obtained in 1986, when it wasemployed to treat diseases related to theChernobyl nuclear disaster, howeverthe results were never precisely quanti-fied. Indeed, in animal studies carriedout some years later,3 the same com-The Many LeveLs of Cosmetics & Toiletries'" magazine I 57 Vol. 121, No. 11/November 2006 The slow, inevitable skin agingprocess is characterized by a progressivedegeneration of the skin tissue as well asby a variety of attendant visible changesin the skin surface. The skin acquiresa new appearance as wrinkles formand become increasingly conspicuous,the epidermallayer thins, and the skindecreases in firmness and changes show the passage fromyouth to adulthood to old visible effects can be seen wellbefore the age of 30 in humans andresult from major changes in skin cellsand the structures supporting the are caused by a variety of genetic,metabolic, hormonal, biological andenvironmental first and most notable sign ofaging is a decrease in the skin's waterretention capability and the resultantdecrease in dermis elasticity.

4 This is vis-ible when facial muscles are contractedand face wrinkles become was shown to protect and repairy-radiation-induced lesions. In the fol-lowing years, many clinical tests provedits efficacy at treating different types ofskin lesions and ,5 Scientistslooked at its nucleotides, the basic unitsof nucleic acids. They found that nucleo-tide segments of DNA with a molecularmass from 250 to 500 kD were able tocontrol the formation of wrinkles. More-over, intradermal administration ofDNAfragments in aesthetic surgery patientsaccelerated wound ,7 This pavedthe way to research on Sodium DNA asan antiaging active in +.+ 4> .. '~0 +00 +.O ..~0 O y+ .~ + + v0 + 0#0 + i9 O,b O oO+OFigure 1. Pinocytosis as a method of transport of exogenous molecules in the celibases, which are key molecules for thevitality of all cells. Sodium DNA passesthrough the cell membrane by pinocy-tosis (Figure 1), an endocytosis methodof transport facilitated by Sodium ions,which are combined with the poly-deoxyribonucleotides.

5 Therefore, the cel1spresumably use the acquired amount ofsodium DNA both as a structural baseto synthesize the nucleic acids and theircofactors and to metabolize their ownDNA. These processes occur very easilyin cells that are under metabolic condi-tions or extreme stress. This is the caseof altered keratinocytes or fibroblasts,both of which are typical in aged ~ to the cell integration process, Sodium DNA acts to stimulate celI repairactivity, regenerate epithelial and granu-lation tissues and reduce the symptomsof inflammation, thus accelerating thehealing of skin DNA actsto stimulatecell repair vitro TestsIn vitro tests were used to assess theregenerating and photo-protective prop-erty of Sodium DNA toward two ceUtypes-keratinocytes and particular form of Sodium DNAused in these tests was a highly purifiedcommercial producta with molecularThe most likely explanation of thisingredient's antiaging effect is based onthe fact that some segments of DNAact as donors of vurine and Anti- Wrinkle (INCI: Sodium DNA), KalichemItalia LC, Botticino Sera, Italy.

6 Kalinat Anti. Wrinkle is aregistered trademark of Kalichem or Ownership, Management and Circulation(Act or August 12, 1970; Section 3685, Title 39, United States Code)1. Publication lil/e: C08metics & Toi1etries2. Publicalion number: 0361-43873. Filing date: September Issue frequency:Month1y5. Numberofissuespublishedannually: 126. Annual subscription price. $ Complete mailing address of known office ofpublication: 362 South Schmale Road. Carol Stream. IL 60188-2787 Te/ephone: 630-653-21558. Complete mailing address ofheadquarters or generai business offices ofpublisher: Same as above9. Full names ond complele mailing addresses ofpublisher. editorond managing editor~ Publisher~ Matt Gron1und. 362 South Schmale Road, Carol Stream. IL60188-2787 Editor: Rache1 Chapman. 362 South Schmale Road, Caro1 Stream, IL60J88-2787 Managing Editor: Lois Hince, 362 South Schmale Road, Carol Owner: Allured Publishing Corporalion, 362 South Schmale Road, Carol Stream.

7 IL60188-2787; Stan1ey E. Allured. Nancy Al1ured, Janet Ludwig1J. Known bondholders. mol1gages and olher security holders owning or holding I pert:entor more oftotal amountofbonds. mortgages or other securities' purposes: Not applicable13. Publi",tion title:C08metics &Toi]etries magazine14. I.,.,ue date jor cirt:ulation data helaw: September 200615. Extent ond nolure ofcirculation Average number of copies each Actual number of single issuesissue during preoeding 12 months published nearest to fi1ingdateA. Totalnumberofcopies(netpressrun): 5,027B. Paid andlor requesled circulation:I. PaidlRequested Oulside CountyMaiISubscription., 1,514 Paid In-County Subscriptions 0 03. Sales through dealers and carriers, street sa/es ond other non-USPS Paid Distribution Total poid ondIor requested circulation: Free distribution by mail: 0 0E. Free distribution oul.'ide Ihe mail (carrier., or olher means): 338 515F. Tolalfreedistribution: 338 515G.

8 Total djstribution: Copies no1 distributed 530 Total{ (I) (2)J: poid andlor requesled cjrculation~ Publicalion of Ihi., Slalement of Will be printed jn the November 2006 i.,sue of Ihis Sjgnolure and tit/e of editor. publisher, business manager or owner: Janet Ludwig. Ownertion requested on theform may be subjecl to crjminal sanctions (includingfines ond imprisonment) andlor civil sanclions (including mu/tip/e damages ond cjvil penalties).58 I Cosmetics & Toiletriese magazine 121, No. 11/November 2006 Figure 2. Growth of keratinocytes 72 h after exposure at concentrations ofONA-Naweight in the range 250-500 product will be called DNA-Na inthe following and fibroblasts wereobtained from two healthy donors bybiopsy. Both specimens were grownin culture and incubated on platescontaining DNA-Na at skin's cell renewal rate decreasesnaturally as the years go by. This is thecause of skin aging. As a measure ofthe regenerating power, the growthrate of the cells treated with DNA-Nawas determined at 24, 48 and 72 hafter incubation and compared to theuntreated cells used as assess theproperty of protectingthe cells exposed to radiation, the vital-ity of the cells treated with DNA-Nawas tested 24 h after exposure to a UVsource and compared to the untreatedcells used as) controls.}

9 Test resultsshowed that DNA-Na stimulated cellproliferation and proved effective inprotecting detail, it stimulated the growthof keratinocytes. Moreover, increasedcellular growth was recorded 72 h afterexposure at 1% concentration of DNA-Na (Figure 2). DNA-Na also improved thevitality of fibroblasts, whose growth wasincreased 24 h after exposure (Figure 3).Furthermore, phototoxicity tests sug-gested that DNA-Na had no harmfulcytotoxic effects and carried out a protec-tive function from the damage inducedby UV rays toward 3. Growth percentage of fibroblasts 24 h after exposure at differentconcentrations of DNA-NaIn vivo TestsTo assess the efficacy of an emu1sion(Formula l) containing DNA-Na aimedat increasing moisturization, elasticityand thickness and reducing wrinkledness,a test was performed after prolonged useand its results were compared to resultsfrom a placebo This double-b1ind study enrolled 20 Caucasian femalevolunteers aged 30--60, with an averageage of 49 years.

10 These volunteers appliedthe test products on the two periocularzones, twice daily for eight instrumental measure-ments of skin properties were takenbefore the first application and on theday following the final level (in arbitrary cor-neometric units) was measuredl5 by aVol. 121, No. 11/November 200660 I Cosmetics & Toiletriese magazine ~tArlFigure 4. Wrinkles in the skin site before (control area) and after (treated area) theapplication of ONA-Nacomeometer>. It is rdated to the modi-fication of conductance as measured bythe probe applied to the skin was measuredl6 by acutometer' .Its probe exerts a cyclingsuction on the skin surface and theconsequent skin deformation ismeasured by electrical wrinkledness was measuredl7 onskin imprints that are prepared witha quick-hardening resind and imageanalysise of skin thickness measurementsl8 usedscanning softwaref and an ultrasoundscanner at high resolution, with highfrequency (320 MHz) ultrasoundemission.