Software Architecture in Practice - GitHub Pages

1 Page i Thursday, March 20, 2003 7:21 PM. Software Architecture in Practice Third Edition Second Edition i The SEI Series in Software Engineering Visit for a complete list of available products. T he SEI Series in Software Engineering represents is a collaborative undertaking of the Carnegie Mellon Software Engineering Institute (SEI) and Addison-Wesley to develop and publish books on Software engineering and related topics. The common goal of the SEI and Addison-Wesley is to provide the most current information on these topics in a form that is easily usable by practitioners and students. Books in the series describe frameworks, tools, methods, and technologies designed to help organizations, teams, and individuals improve their technical or management capabilities. Some books describe processes and practices for developing higher-quality Software , acquiring programs for complex systems, or delivering services more effectively. Other books focus on Software and system Architecture and product-line development.

2 Still others, from the SEI's CERT. Program, describe technologies and practices needed to manage Software and network security risk. These and all books in the series address critical problems in Software engineering for which practical solutions are available. Software Architecture in Practice Third Edition Len Bass Paul Clements Rick Kazman . Addison-Wesley Upper Saddle River, NJ Boston Indianapolis San Francisco New York Toronto Montreal London Munich Paris Madrid Capetown Sydney Tokyo Singapore Mexico City The The The SEI. SEIinSeries SEI Series Series ininSoftware SoftwareEngineering Software Engineering Engineering Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those Many Many of of the designations the designations appeardesignations used in this book, and by used bymanufacturers the manufacturers publisher and was awareandsellers of to distinguish asellers claim, thetheir to distinguish trademark products their arebeen products designations have claimed are printed claimedwith ini- tialas trademarks.

3 Ascapital letters orWhere trademarks. Where those thosedesignations in all capitals. designationsappear appearin in this book, this andand book, thethe publisher publisherwaswas aware of a of aware trade- a trade- mark CMM, claim, markCMMI, claim, the thedesignations designations Capability have havebeen Maturity Model, beenprinted printed Capability with with Maturityinitial capital initial Modeling, letters capital Carnegie or in letters orall Mellon, in capitals. all and CERT, capitals. CERT Coordination Center areCMM, registered in the Capability CMMI, Patent and Trademark Maturity Office Model, by Carnegie Capability Mellon University. Maturity Modeling, Carnegie Mellon, CERT, CMM, CMMI, Capability Maturity Model, Capability Maturity Modeling, Carnegie Mellon, CERT, ATAM;. and Architecture Tradeoff Analysis Method; CMM Integration; COTS Usage-Risk Evaluation;Office CURE;byEPIC; Evolutionary and CERT. Process CERT Coordination CoordinationCenter forUniversity. Centerare areregistered registeredin in thethe Patent andand Patent Trademark Trademark Office Carnegie by Carnegie Integrating COTS Based Systems; Framework for Software Product Line Practice ; IDEAL; Interim Profile; OAR.

4 Mellon MellonOperationally University. Critical Threat, Asset, and Vulnerability Evaluation; Options Analysis for Reengineering; Personal Soft- OCTAVE;. ATAM;. ATAM;. ware Architecture Architecture Process; Tradeoff PLTP; ProductTradeoff Analysis Analysis Line Technical Method;. Probe; Method; CMM. PSP; SCAMPI;CMM Integration; COTS. Integration;. SCAMPI COTS Usage-Risk Lead Appraiser; Usage-Risk SCAMPI Evaluation;. Lead Evaluation;. Assessor; SCE; SEI;. CURE;. SEPG; TeamEPIC; Evolutionary Software Process; and Process TSP for Integrating are service COTS Mellon marks of Carnegie Based University. Systems; Framework for Software CURE; EPIC; Evolutionary Process for Integrating COTS Based Systems; Framework for Software Product Special Line Practice ;. permission IDEAL;. to reproduce Interim portions Profile;. of CMMI OAR; OCTAVE;. for Development Operationally Critical (CMU/SEI-2010-TR-035), Threat, Asset,Mellon Product Line Practice ; IDEAL; Interim Profile; OAR; OCTAVE; Operationally Critical 2010 byThreat, Carnegie Asset, and Vulnerability University, has been Evaluation.

5 Granted by the OptionsEngineering Software Analysis for Reengineering; Personal Software Process; PLTP;. Institute. and Vulnerability Evaluation; Options Analysis for Reengineering; Personal Software Process; PLTP;. Product The authorsLine Technical and publisher Probe;. have taken PSP;. care inSCAMPI;. the SCAMPI. preparation of this Lead book, Appraiser;. but make no SCAMPI. expressed orLead Assessor;. implied warranty of any Product SCE;. Line Technical Probe; PSP; SCAMPI; SCAMPI Lead Appraiser; SCAMPI Lead Assessor;. kind andSEI; SEPG;. assume Team Software no responsibility Process;. for errors and TSP. or omissions. Noare service liability marks of is assumed forCarnegie incidentalMellon University. or consequential damages in SCE; SEI; SEPG; Team Software Process; and TSP are service marks of Carnegie Mellon University. connection with or arising Special permission to out of the use reproduce of the information portions or programsbycontained of works copyright Carnegieherein. Mellon University, as listed Special on The permission page 588, publisher offers to reproduce is granted by excellent portions the Software discounts on ofwhen works this Engineering book copyright Institute.

6 Ordered by Carnegie in quantity Mellon University, for bulk purchases as which or special sales, listedmay on page include 588, is electronic granted versions by the and/or Software custom Engineering covers and Institute. content particular to your business, training goals, marketing focus, and Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed branding interests. For more information, please contact: Many as of the designations trademarks. Where thoseused by manufacturers designations and book, appear in this sellersand to the distinguish publishertheir was products aware of are claimed a trade- mark Corporate and Government trademarks. claim, the Where designations Sales those have designations appear been printed withininitial this book, capitaland the publisher letters was aware of a trade- or in all capitals. (800) 382-3419. mark claim, the designations have been printed with initial capital letters or in all capitals. The authors and publisher have taken care in the preparation of this book, but make no expressed or Thesalesauthors implied For and warranty outside publisher of any the United have kind States, andtaken please carenoinresponsibility assume contact: the preparationforoferrors this book, but make or omissions.

7 Nonoliability expressedis or implied assumed warranty Sales of any for incidental International kind and assume or consequential no responsibility damages in connection for witherrors or omissions. or arising out of the No use liability of the is assumed information fororincidental programs or consequential contained herein. damages in connection with or arising out of the use of the For information about buying this titleherein. information Visit us on the or Web: programs contained in bulk quantities, or for special sales opportunities (which may include electronic The publisher Library of Congress versions;. offers custom excellent cover discounts Cataloging-in-Publication designs;. Data on and when this book contentordered particular to your for in quantity business, training or bulk purchases goals, marketing specialMary Chrissis, sales, focus, which Beth. mayorinclude branding interests), electronic please and/or versions contactcustom our corporate salescontent covers and department at corp- particular to your business, CMMI for development :or training goals, (800).

8 Guidelines382-3419. marketing focus, integration for process and branding interests. For more information, please contact: and product improvement / Mary Beth Chrissis, Mike Konrad, Sandy Shrum. 3rd ed. For government sales inquiries, please contact p. cm. Corporate and Government Sales For Includes (800). questions 382-3419. about sales bibliographical outsideand references theindex. , please contact ISBN us Visit 978-0-321-71150-2 (hardcover : alk. paper). on the Web: 1. Capability maturity model (Computer Software ) 2. Software For sales outside engineering. the United States, please contact: Library Production engineering. 4. Manufacturing Cataloging-in-Publication processes. Data International I. Konrad, Mike. II. Shrum,Sales Sandy. III. Title. Bass, Len. 2011. Software Architecture in Practice / Len Bass, Paul Clements, Rick Kazman. 3rd ed. dc22. Visitp. us on the Web:series cm. (SEI in Software engineering) 2010049515. Includes Copyright 2011bibliographical references Pearson Education, Inc.

9 And index. Library ISBNof 978-0-321-81573-6. Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data 1. Software Architecture . 2. System (hardcover : alk. paper). All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This publication is protected by copyright, and permission must be design. Bass, Len. obtained I. Clements, from Paul, the publisher 1955 . prior to Kazman,reproduction, Rick. III. Title. storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any Software means, electronic, 2012 inphotocopying, Architecture mechanical, Practice / Len Bass, Paul recording, Clements, or likewise. Rick Kazman. 3rd For information ed. regarding permissions, write to: dc23. p. Education, Pearson cm. (SEI in Software engineering). 2012023744. Includes Rights bibliographical and Contracts Department references and index. 501 ISBN. Boylston Copyright 978-0-321-81573-6. Street,Pearson 2013 (hardcover Suite 900 Education, Inc. : alk. paper) 1. Software Architecture . 2. System Boston, design. 02116.

10 Clements, Paul, 1955 II. Kazman, All rights reserved. (617) 671-3447 2012 Printed in the United StatesRick. III. publication is protected by copy- of America. right, and permission ISBN-13 dc23. 978-0-321-71150-2. must be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, stor- age ISBN-10:in a retrieval system, 0-321-71150-5 or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, pho- tocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission to use material from this work, 2012023744. please submit Text printed in the United States on recycled paper at Courier in Westford, Massachusetts. aCopyright Firstwritten printing,request 2013. March toPearson 2011 PearsonEducation, Education,Inc. Inc., Permissions Department, 200 Old Tappan Road, Old Tappan, New Jersey 07657, or you may fax your request to (201) 236-3290. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This publication is protected by copy- ISBN-13: right, and 978-0-321-81573-6. permission must be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, stor- ISBN-10: 0-321-81573-4.