SOLID AND INDUSTRIAL HAZARDOUS WASTE …

1 SOLID AND INDUSTRIAL HAZARDOUS WASTE management ASSESSMENT OPTIONS AND ACTION AREATO IMPLEMENT THE NATIONAL STRATEGY Public Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedSOLID AND INDUSTRIAL HAZARDOUS WASTE management ASSESSMENT OPTIONS AND ACTION AREATO IMPLEMENT THE NATIONAL STRATEGY SOLID AND INDUSTRIAL HAZARDOUS WASTE management ASSESSMENT: OPTIONS AND ACTION AREAS4@2018 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000; Internet: work is a product of The World Bank. The findings, interpretations and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the government they present.

2 The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgement on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Nothing herein shall constitute or be considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privileges and immunities of The World Bank, all of which are specifically reserved. All queries on rights and licenses should be address to World Bank Publications, The World Bank Group. 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: 202-522-2626; email: summary14I. Objectives and structure of the report Methodology and approach 302. PART A: DOMESTIC SOLID WASTE Domestic SOLID WASTE management in Vietnam.

3 Current situation Background Legislation and regulation SOLID WASTE Operations Technologies and Options for SOLID WASTE sector improvement WASTE generation, composition and Key different WASTE management and disposal/treatment Four distinct SOLID WASTE management improvement options/scenarios SOLID WASTE management options/scenarios for selected cities Hanoi Phu Tho Hai Phong Strategic action areas for implementation of the national strategy of SOLID WASTE management Domestic SOLID WASTE forecast for Vietnam SOLID WASTE management infrastructure Legal and institutional Costs and WASTE fees Private sector participation Contribution of the SOLID WASTE sector to NDC commitments 116 SOLID AND INDUSTRIAL HAZARDOUS WASTE management ASSESSMENT: OPTIONS AND ACTION AREAS63.

4 PART B: INDUSTRIAL HAZARDOUS Introduction and WASTE from mining, steel processing and electronic Mining, steel processing and electronic industry WASTE types and Suitable options for minimization, recycling, treatment and disposal for WASTE , steel and electronic wastewater sludge in wastewater sludge quantities and Suitable options for disposal and treatment of wastewater Regional management plans and treatment schemes for wastewater sludge in Northern Potential for co-incineration in Southern INDUSTRIAL ( HAZARDOUS ) WASTE for large industries - Binh Large industries ( HAZARDOUS ) WASTE types and Suitable options for minimizing, recycling and treatment of ( HAZARDOUS ) WASTE from large industries in Binh INDUSTRIAL ( HAZARDOUS ) WASTE management , treatment, financing and Current and future treatment options in management and operational Private INDUSTRIAL ( HAZARDOUS ) WASTE financing in Vietnam and Legislation, monitoring and Key challenges for INDUSTRIAL ( HAZARDOUS ) waste141 ANNEXES143 ANNEX 1: Overview environmental legislation 143 ANNEX 2: Map of landfill locations147 ANNEX 3: List of landfill locations148 ANNEX 4: Number of INDUSTRIAL enterprises visited150 ANNEX 5.

5 Environmental advantages and disadvantages of treatment options151 CONTENTS7 LIST OF TABLEST able 2-1 Targets for WASTE separation and recycling35 Table 2-2 Updated targets for WASTE separation and recycling36 Table 2-3 Landfills in Vietnam39 Table 2-4 Fees in Hanoi City41 Table 2-5 Income breakdown URENCO Hanoi (x 1,000) 42 Table 2-6 Breakdown Domestic SOLID WASTE (DSW) income (x1,000)42 Table 2-7 Estimated collection and transport costs (US$/ton)43 Table 2-8 WASTE generation and collection rates45 Table 2-9 Estimated Composition of Domestic SOLID WASTE (in % by weight)46 Table 2-10 Elements to be analyzed for RDF at cement co-processing54 Table 2-11 Equipment, facilities and applicable costs included in the options59 Table 2-12 Example on breakdown of estimated costs for establishment of incinerators and landfills59 Table 2-13 Forecast on population and WASTE generation for Hanoi61 Table 2-14 Option/Scenario 1 - WASTE flow forecast Hanoi for 2018 - 203065 Table 2-15 Option 1, Hanoi - Necessary equipment and facilities - Year 2018 - 203066 Table 2-16 Option/Scenario 1- Basic SOLID WASTE management System.

6 Total investment estimated for Hanoi for SOLID WASTE Collection and Disposal (US$)66 Table 2-17 Option/Scenario 1 - Annual operation and maintenance costs for SOLID WASTE Collection and Disposal (US$)67 Table 2-18 Option 1, Hanoi - Total average costs per person per year67 Table 2-19 Option/Scenario 2 - WASTE flow forecast Hanoi for 2018 - 203068 Table 2-20 Option 2, Hanoi - Necessary equipment and facilities - Year 2018 - 203069 Table 2-21 Option/Scenario 2 Basic SOLID WASTE management System and Recycling: Total investment estimated for Hanoi for SOLID WASTE Collection and Disposal (US$) 69 Table 2-22 Option/Scenario 2 - Annual operation and maintenance costs for Hanoi for SOLID WASTE Collection and Disposal (US$)69 Table 2-23 Option 2, Hanoi - Total average costs per person per year70 Table 2-24 Option 3 - WASTE flow forecast Hanoi for 2018 - 203071 Table 2-25 Option 3, Hanoi - Necessary equipment and facilities - Year 2018 and 203071 Table 2-26 Option/Scenario 3 - Low cost WASTE treatment.

7 Total investment estimated for Hanoi for SOLID WASTE Collection and Disposal (US$)72 Table 2-27 Option/Scenario 3 - Annual operation and maintenance costs for Hanoi for SOLID WASTE Collection and Disposal (US$)72 Table 2-28 Option 3, Hanoi - Total average costs per person per year72 Table 2-29 Option 4 - WASTE flow forecast - Year 2018 and 2030 for Hanoi73 Table 2-30 Option 4, Hanoi - Necessary equipment and facilities - Year 2018 - 203074 Table 2-31 Option/Scenario 4 - Advanced WASTE treatment: Total investment estimated for Hanoi for SOLID WASTE Collection and Disposal (US$)74 Table 2-32 Option/Scenario 4 - Annual operation and maintenance costs for Hanoi for SOLID WASTE Collection and Disposal (US$)74 Table 2-33 Option 4, Hanoi - Total average costs per person per year76 Table 2-34 Population in Phu Tho76 Table 2-35 Forecast on population and WASTE generation for Phu Tho76 SOLID AND INDUSTRIAL HAZARDOUS WASTE management ASSESSMENT: OPTIONS AND ACTION AREAS8 Table 2-36 Option/Scenario 1 - WASTE flow forecast Phu Tho 2018 - 203080 Table 2-37 Option 1, Phu Tho - Necessary equipment and facilities - Year 2018 - 203081 Table 2-38 Option/Scenario 1 - Basic SOLID WASTE management System.

8 Total investment estimated for Phu Tho for SOLID WASTE Collection and Disposal (US$)81 Table 2-39 Option/Scenario 2 - Annual operation and maintenance costs for Phu Tho for SOLID WASTE Collection and Disposal (US$)81 Table 2-40 Option 1, Phu Tho - Total average costs per person per year82 Table 2-41 Option/Scenario 2 - WASTE flow forecast Phu Tho for Year 2018 - 203082 Table 2-42 Option 2, Phu Tho - Necessary equipment and facilities - Year 2018 - 203083 Table 2-43 Option/Scenario 2 - WASTE Reduction Reduction, Recycling: Total investment estimated for Phu Tho for SOLID WASTE Collection and Disposal (US$)83 Table 2-44 Option/Scenario 2 - Annual operation and maintenance costs for Phu Tho SOLID WASTE Collection and Disposal (US$)84 Table 2-45 Option 2, Phu Tho - Total average costs per person per year84 Table 2-46 Option 3 - WASTE flow forecast Phu Tho 2018 - 203085 Table 2-47 Option 3, Phu Tho - Necessary equipment and facilities - Year 2018 - 203086 Table 2-48 Option/Scenario 3 - Low cost WASTE treatment.

9 Total investment estimated for Phu Tho for SOLID WASTE Collection and Disposal (US$)86 Table 2-49 Option/Scenario 3 - Annual operation and maintenance costs for Phu Tho for SOLID WASTE Collection and Disposal (US$)86 Table 2-50 Option 3, Phu Tho - Total average costs per person per year87 Table 2-51 Option 4 - WASTE flow Forecast Phu Tho 2018 - 203087 Table 2-52 Option/Scenario 4, Phu Tho - Necessary equipment and facilities - Year 2018 - 203088 Table 2-53 Option/Scenario 4 - Advanced WASTE treatment: Total investment estimated for Phu Tho for SOLID WASTE Collection and Disposal (US$)89 Table 2-54 Option/Scenario 4 - Annual operation and maintenance costs for Phu Tho for SOLID WASTE Collection and Disposal (US$)89 Table 2-55 Option/Scenario 4, Phu Tho - Total average costs per person per year89 Table 2-56 Forecast of population and WASTE generation for Hai Phong91 Table 2-57 Fees for domestic WASTE collection and transportation in Hai Phong City93 Table 2-58 Option/Scenario 1 - WASTE flow forecast Hai Phong 2018 - 203095 Table 2-59 Option/Scenario 1, Hai Phong - Necessary equipment and facilities - Year 2018 - 203096 Table 2-60 Option/Scenario 1 - Basic SOLID WASTE management System.

10 Total investment estimated for Hai Phong for SOLID WASTE Collection and Disposal (US$)96 Table 2-61 Option/Scenario 2 - Annual operation and maintenance costs for Hai Phong for SOLID WASTE Collection and Disposal (US$)96 Table 2-62 Option 1, Hai Phong - Total average costs per person per year97 Table 2-63 Option/Scenario 2 - WASTE flow forecast97 Table 2-64 Option/Scenario 2, Hai Phong - Necessary equipment and facilities - Year 2018 - 203098 Table 2-65 Option/Scenario 2 - WASTE Reduction Reduction, Recycling: Total investment estimated for Hai Phong for SOLID WASTE Collection and Disposal (US$)98 Table 2-66 Option/Scenario 2 - Annual operation and maintenance costs for Hai Phong for SOLID WASTE Collection and Disposal (US$)99 Table 2-67 Option/Scenario 2, Hai Phong - Total average costs per person per year99 Table 2-68 Option 3 - WASTE flow forecast Hai Phong 2018 - 2030100 CONTENTS9 Table 2-69 Option/Scenario 3, Hai Phong - Necessary equipment and facilities - Year 2018 - 2030101 Table 2-70 Option/Scenario 3 - Low cost WASTE treatment.