solid waste body - Carter Center

1 LECTURE NOTES solid and Liquid waste Management For Health Extension Workers Esayas Alemayehu Jimma University In collaboration with the Ethiopia Public Health Training Initiative, The Carter Center , the Ethiopia Ministry of Health, and the Ethiopia Ministry of Education November 2004 Funded under USAID Cooperative Agreement No. 663-A-00-00-0358-00. Produced in collaboration with the Ethiopia Public Health Training Initiative, The Carter Center , the Ethiopia Ministry of Health, and the Ethiopia Ministry of Education.

2 Important Guidelines for Printing and Photocopying Limited permission is granted free of charge to print or photocopy all pages of this publication for educational, not-for-profit use by health care workers, students or faculty. All copies must retain all author credits and copyright notices included in the original document. Under no circumstances is it permissible to sell or distribute on a commercial basis, or to claim authorship of, copies of material reproduced from this publication. 2004 by Esayas Alemayehu All rights reserved.

3 Except as expressly provided above, no part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission of the author or authors. This material is intended for educational use only by practicing health care workers or students and faculty in a health care field. iAcknowledgments The development of this lecture note for training Health Extension workers is an arduous assignment for Ato Esayas Alemayehu at Jimma University.

4 Essentially, it required the consolidation and merging of existing in depth training materials, examination of Health Extension Package manuals and the Curriculum. Recognizing the importance of and the need for the preparation of the lecture note for the Training of Health Extension workers THE Carter Center (TCC) ETHIOPIA PUBLIC HEALTH TRAINING INITIATIVE (EPHTI) facilitated the task for Jimma University to write the lecture note in consultation with the Health Extension Coordinating Office of the Federal Ministry of Health.

5 Finally the Federal Ministry of Health would like to express special words of gratitude for those who contributed and endeavored to the development of this lecture note and to TCC/USAID for the technical and financial support. iiTable of Contents Acknowledgement i Table of contents ii List of figures iv Definitions of technical terms used in solid and liquid waste management

6 1 Background Information 4 UNIT ONE: solid waste Management Learning Objectives 5 Introduction 5 Public health importance of solid waste management 6 Classification of solid waste 6 Functional elements of solid waste management 7 Main sources of solid waste generation 9 waste handling and separation.

7 Storage and processing at the sources 10 solid waste collection 10 Recycling and reuse 12 Common solid waste disposal methods 13 composting 14 Controlled tipping/Burying 18 Incineration 20 Ploughing in fields 24 Other disposal methods 25 iiiUNIT TWO.

8 Liquid waste Management Learning Objectives 27 Introduction 27 Public health importance of waste water/sewage 27 Classification of liquid waste /sewage 28 waste water/sewage composition 29 Points to be conceder before selecting one particular sewage disposal techniques 31 Liquid waste disposal methods at the rural communities/household level 31 Sewage/wastewater treatment 37 UNIT THREE.

9 Contaminated waste Management Learning Objectives 40 Introduction 40 Purpose of contaminated waste management 42 Collection and disposal of contaminated waste 43 How to dispose solid contaminated wastes 47 How to dispose liquid contaminated wastes 48 How to dispose contaminated sharps 49 Review Questions 51 References 52 ivList of Figures Figure 1: Interrelation ship of functional elements comprising a solid waste management system 9 Figure 2: Collection using Donkey drawn cart 11 Figure 3: Pilling the first layer of organic waste matter 16 Figure 4: Place vertical poles in the pile 16 Figure 5.

10 Final covering and taking out the poles from the pile 17 Figure 6: Burying solid waste in a pit 20 Figure 7: Design for a simple oil drum incinerator 23 Figure 8: Single-chamber incinerator 24 Figure 9: Leaching type of cesspool 34 Figure 10: Watertight cesspool 36 Figure 11: Schematic of septic tank 37 Figure 12: Schematic overview of a conventional waste water treatment system 39 Figure 13: Flow diagram-Collection and disposal of contaminated waste 46 solid and Liquid waste Management 1 Definitions of technical terms used in solid and liquid waste management Ashes: residue from fires used for cooking and heating Biodegradable: capable of being breakdown by biological process.