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Solutions to Child Poverty - occ.org.nz

Solutions toChild Povertyin new zealand evidence for actionExpert Advisory Group onSolutions to Child PovertyThis report Solutions to Child Poverty in new zealand : Evidence for Action, was prepared by the Children s Commissioner s Expert Advisory Group on Solutions to Child December 2012 References ISBN 978-0-909039-37-0 Print ISBN 978-0-909039-38-7 ElectronicFor further copies go to of Figures and Tables iiForeword iiiAcknowledgements ivExpert Advisory Group on Solutions to Child Poverty vExecutive Summary vi1 Child Poverty in new zealand Defining Child Poverty How many and which children are living in Poverty ?

This report Solutions to Child Poverty in New Zealand: Evidence for Action, was prepared by the Children’s Commissioner’s Expert Advisory Group on Solutions to Child Poverty.

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1 Solutions toChild Povertyin new zealand evidence for actionExpert Advisory Group onSolutions to Child PovertyThis report Solutions to Child Poverty in new zealand : Evidence for Action, was prepared by the Children s Commissioner s Expert Advisory Group on Solutions to Child December 2012 References ISBN 978-0-909039-37-0 Print ISBN 978-0-909039-38-7 ElectronicFor further copies go to of Figures and Tables iiForeword iiiAcknowledgements ivExpert Advisory Group on Solutions to Child Poverty vExecutive Summary vi1 Child Poverty in new zealand Defining Child Poverty How many and which children are living in Poverty ?

2 How new zealand compares with other countries The causes of Child Poverty The consequences of Child Poverty The impact of Poverty on children Some common misconceptions Conclusion 182 What You Told Us Feedback on initial Solutions to Child Poverty Summary of all feedback Children s voices Feedback from consultations, surveys and submissions Responding to your feedback 263 Our Approach Our principles Using the best evidence available Policy choices, trade-offs and costs Building on the work of others Conclusion 344 Priority Recommendations 355 Our Recommendations Strategy and accountability Tax credits, benefits and income support Child support Employment, skills and training Housing M ori children Pasifika children Problem debt 55ii Solutions to Child Poverty in new zealand .

3 Evidence for Action List of Figures and Tables PageFiguresFigure Child Poverty rates in new zealand from 1982 to 2011 (based on 50% and 60% of median disposable household income, after housing costs) 5 Figure Poverty rates in new zealand from 1982 to 2011 by age (moving-line Poverty measure, 60% of median disposable household income, after housing costs) 5 Figure Child Poverty among two-parent and sole-parent households in OECD countries, 2008 6 Figure Poverty rates for children in workless and working households (fixed-line/ constant value Poverty measure, 60% median income, after housing costs) 7 Figure Material deprivation for children and other age groups, 2007 to 2011, Economic Living Standards Index (ELSI )

4 8 Figure Child Poverty rate and overall Poverty rate in 35 economically advanced countries 12 Figure A model of family Poverty 15 TablesTable Proportion of children living in Poverty in 2011 by household type and adult work status (fixed line, reference year 2007, 60% of median disposable household income, after housing costs) 6 Table Children s deprivations of necessities, and other restrictions or stress points in their day-to-day lives, by their family s Economic Living Standards Index (ELSI) score, 2008 9 Table Deprivation rates in 13 countries comparing children with older people and the total population in 2007 (Europe) and 2008 ( new zealand ) 11 Table Submission types, numbers and representative groups Health and disability Education Local communities and family Justice system Research and evaluation Areas for further consideration 666 Conclusion 67 References 69 Appendix 72 Contents ContinuedSolutions to Child Poverty in new zealand : Evidence for Action iiiForewordIn August this year we released our Issues and Options Paper.

5 Solutions to Child Poverty in new zealand , for public consultation. Since then we have had the privilege to travel around the country and receive advice and feedback from hundreds of people. It has been both an invigorating and troubling experience. The real-life stories we have heard of children living in hardship has strengthened our resolve to seek better outcomes for our children. After all, children are new zealand s most valuable resource and its best hope for the future. At one consultation seminar participants were asked: what is the one thing you think the Prime Minister should do to address Child Poverty ?

6 A woman stood up and responded vigorously: come and live my life for a while . For this woman and her children and for tens of thousands of others across the country, Child Poverty is both real and debilitating. It means missing out on many of the things which the majority of children take for granted: adequate and nutritious food, good shoes and clothing, a separate bed, a warm, dry house, participation in school trips and occasional holidays away from home. Material deprivation of this kind should not be tolerated, least of all in a land of relative abundance. At the request of the Children s Commissioner, Dr Russell Wills, the Expert Advisory Group on Solutions to Child Poverty has explored how new zealand can reduce Child Poverty and mitigate its effects.

7 We have reviewed the international and new zealand literature, spoken with overseas and local experts, discussed the policy options with MPs, officials and civil society groups, and publicly tested our proposals. We are indebted to the many hundreds of people who have offered their advice, prepared formal submissions, attended forums or provided other responses to our initial proposals. We are also heartened by the recent attention paid to Child Poverty by the media. The issue has been embraced as a critical one for all New Zealanders and this has been reflected in thoughtful articles, reports and campaigns.

8 We wish to thank all the members of the Expert Advisory Group, together with the Group s Secretariat and the staff of the Office of the Children s Commissioner, for their hard work, good will, perseverance and support. We are also greatly indebted to Dr Russell Wills and Dr Jo Cribb for their wisdom, encouragement and all, we hope that this Report will contribute to better outcomes for new zealand s most needy and deprived children. The goal is clear and within our grasp. All children, whatever their family background, should have the opportunity to thrive and enjoy the fullness of life to which they are entitled as citizens of this bounteous Boston Tracey McIntoshCo-Chairs, Expert Advisory Group on Solutions to Child Povertyiv Solutions to Child Poverty in new zealand : Evidence for Action AcknowledgementsThe Expert Advisory Group (EAG) wishes to express sincere appreciation to the individuals and organisations who have generously contributed their knowledge, expertise and experience to support this important work.

9 We thank the many New Zealanders who participated in consultations, made submissions and engaged in the wider public debate on the importance of taking action now to address Child wish to thank the following community leaders and researchers for contributing their valuable time, informed perspectives, and research to raise our awareness of specific issues: Professor Sir Peter Gluckman, University of Auckland and Chief Science Advisor to the Prime Minister Professor Innes Asher, University of Auckland Professor Tony Dowell, University of Otago Iris Pahau, Solutions for Tamariki Deborah Morris-Travers, Every Child Counts Anton Blank, Te Kahui Mana Ririki Alison Hussey, Plunket Mike Munnelly, Barnardos Kate Amore, University of Otago Associate Professor Michael Baker, University of Otago Dr Fiona Imlach Gunasekara, University of Otago Dr Kristie Carter, University of Otago Alan Johnson.

10 Salvation Army Dr Susan Morton, University of Auckland Dr Polly Atatoa Carr, University of Auckland Prue Kapua, M ori Women s Welfare League Michelle Egan-Bitran, Office of the Children s Commissioner. We are grateful to the following international experts for their generous contributions to the EAG at various stages of the process: Professor Greg J. Duncan, School of Education, University of California, Irvine, USA Professor Jonathan Bradshaw, Social Policy Research Unit, Welfare and Employment Team, University of York, UK Professor Peter Saunders, Social Policy Research Centre, University of New South Wales, are also thankful to the School of Government at Victoria University, especially the Head of School, Professor Peter Hughes, for their assistance and for providing office space for the Secretariat.


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