Special Issues

1 Special Issues18 | Journal of the Electric World | 1 ICT(Information & Communication Technology, ) . DER(Distributed Energy Resource, ) . DR(Demand Response, ), RES(Renewable Energy Source, ) ESS(Energy Storage System, ) DER . , . (VPP) | October | 19+ (VPP) DER . , RES.

2 RES . , DER (visibility) DER .vPP(virtual Power Plant, ) DER ICT (flexibility) (Controlability) . DER , , . vPP , . vPP vPP , .2 . VPP vPP DER . vPP.

3 VPP . vPP . vPP vPP . DR ESS , vPP .. VPP EU(European Union, ) vPP . vPP DER . vPP . , vPP Special Issues20 | Journal of the Electric World |.

4 EU vPP . vPP DR . DR . vPP DR , . EnerNOC Comverge NOC(Network Operation Center) . vPP DR . , PGE(Portland General Electric) DSG(Dispatchable Standby Generation) Oregon 21 32 45MW vPP . , , Pv vPP , PGE.

5 , EU vPP RES DG 1 (VPP) Natural gasHydroVarmeHeatCO2CO2 EOR/EGRN atural gasMicro windCCSC entral CHPBio refineryBio productsHearpumpImport andexport of powerDecentral CHPI ndustryMicro CHPET rainsEVsPower/HydroHeatstorageE+Building sSolar powerand heatWind and Iwave powerBiomass andwaste| October | 21+ (VPP) (Distributed Generation, ) . , RES DG , DER EU vPP . EU vPP R&D.

6 1 EU (VPP) VFCPP (Virtual Fuel Cell Power Plant) : 29 VPP : VPN (Virtual Private Network) : RRC (Radio Ripple Control)PowerMatcher VPP : multi-agent agent : UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunication System) ; FENIX (Flexible Electricity Network to Integrate the eXpected energy evolution ) VPP : VPP : GPRS (General Packer Radio Service) IEC (International Electro-technical Commission)-104 1.

7 EDISON VPP : VPP IEC 61850 ProVipp (Professional Virtual Power Plant) : MW 9 Siemens DEMS (Decentralized Energy Management System) Special Issues22 | Journal of the Electric World | , vPP . DR . vPP . DR vPP 3 IPP Auto-DR vPP .3 VPP vPP.

8 (Smart Meter) .. vPP .. DR DG (Prosumer) . vPP 2 .vPP 3 AMI(Advanced Metering Infrastructure, ) .. vPP 4 .. , . vPP IT . vPP 5 IT.

9 IT . vPP 6 .vPP 7 vPP . , , . 1 , . vPP | October | 23+ (VPP) vPP .4 vPP . vPP DR . vPP.

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