Standard Practice for Calculating Viscosity Index from ...

1 Designation: D2270 10 (Reapproved 2016) British Standard 4459. Designation: 226/91 (95). Standard Practice for Calculating Viscosity Index from Kinematic Viscosity at 40 C and 100 C1. This Standard is issued under the fixed designation D2270; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A. superscript epsilon ( ) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval. This Standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense. 1. Scope If Viscosity Index calculated for a given sample using 2. This Practice covers the procedures for Calculating the kinematic Viscosity measurements from different test methods Viscosity Index of petroleum products, such as lubricating oils, are in disagreement, the values calculated from Test Method and related materials from their kinematic viscosities at 40 C D445 measurements shall be accepted.

2 And 100 C. The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as NOTE 1 The results obtained from the calculation of VI from kine- Standard . No other units of measurement are included in this matic viscosities determined at 40 C and 100 C are virtually the same as Standard . those obtained from the former VI system using kinematic viscosities The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the determined at C and C. Standard . For user reference, 1 mm2/s = 10-6m 2/s = 1 cSt. This Practice does not apply to petroleum products with This Standard does not purport to address all of the kinematic viscosities less than mm2/s at 100 C. Table 1 safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the given in this Practice applies to petroleum products with responsibility of the user of this Standard to establish appro- kinematic viscosities between 2 mm2/s and 70 mm2/s at priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- 100 C.

3 Equations are provided for Calculating Viscosity Index bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. for petroleum products having kinematic viscosities above 70 mm2/s at 100 C. 2. Referenced Documents In cases where kinematic Viscosity data are not avail- ASTM Standards:3. able at temperatures of 40 C and 100 C, an estimate may be D341 Practice for Viscosity -Temperature Charts for Liquid made of the Viscosity Index by Calculating the kinematic Petroleum Products Viscosity at temperatures of 40 C and 100 C from data D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent obtained at other temperatures. Such Viscosity Index data may and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos- be considered as suitable for information only and not for ity).

4 Specification purposes. See Test Method D341, Annex A1. D1695 Terminology of Cellulose and Cellulose Derivatives The kinematic Viscosity values are determined with D7042 Test Method for Dynamic Viscosity and Density of reference to a value of mm2/s at C for distilled Liquids by Stabinger Viscometer (and the Calculation of water. The determination of the kinematic Viscosity of a Kinematic Viscosity ). petroleum product shall be carried out in accordance with Test E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Methods D445, D7042, IP 71, or ISO 3104. Determine Conformance with Specifications ISO Standards:4. 1. This Practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum ISO 3104 Petroleum Products Transparent and Opaque Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcom- Liquids Determination of Kinematic Viscosity and Cal- mittee on Flow Properties.

5 Culation of Dynamic Viscosity In the IP, this Practice is under the jurisdiction of the Standardization Committee and issued under the fixed designation IP 226. The final number indicates the year of last revision. 3. Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2016. Published February 2016. Originally For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, , or approved in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D2270 10 1. DOI: contact ASTM Customer Service at For Annual Book of ASTM. Standards volume information, refer to the Standard 's Document Summary page on 2. Supporting data (Metrication of Viscosity Index System Method D2270) have the ASTM website. 4. been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may be obtained by requesting Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W.

6 43rd St., Research Report RR:D02-1009. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States 1. D2270 10 (2016). Energy Institute Standard :5 L = kinematic Viscosity at 40 C of an oil of 0 Viscosity Index IP 71 Determination of Kinematic Viscosity and Calculation having the same kinematic Viscosity at 100 C as the oil of Dynamic Viscosity whose Viscosity Index is to be calculated, mm2/s, Y = kinematic Viscosity at 100 C of the oil whose Viscosity 3. Terminology Index is to be calculated, mm2/s, and Definitions: H = kinematic Viscosity at 40 C of an oil of 100 Viscosity Index having the same kinematic Viscosity at 100 C as Viscosity Index , n an arbitrary number used to char- the oil whose Viscosity Index is to be calculated, mm2/s.

7 Acterize the variation of the kinematic Viscosity of a petroleum product with temperature. If U > H, calculate the Viscosity Index , VI, of the oil as follows: Discussion For oils of similar kinematic Viscosity , the higher the Viscosity Index the smaller the effect of tem- VI 5 @ ~ L 2 U ! / ~ L 2 H ! # 3 100 (3). perature on its kinematic Viscosity . where: Discussion Viscosity Index is also used in Termi- U = kinematic Viscosity at 40 C of the oil whose Viscosity nology D1695 in a definition unrelated to this one. Index is to be calculated, mm2/s. 4. Significance and Use Calculation Example Measured kinematic viscos- ity at 40 C of the oil whose Viscosity Index is to be The Viscosity Index is a widely used and accepted calculated = mm2/s; kinematic Viscosity at 100 C of the measure of the variation in kinematic Viscosity due to changes oil whose Viscosity Index is to be calculated = mm2/s.

8 In the temperature of a petroleum product between 40 C and From Table 1 (by interpolation) L = 100 C. From Table 1 (by interpolation) H = Substituting in Eq 3 and rounding to the nearest whole A higher Viscosity Index indicates a smaller decrease in number: kinematic Viscosity with increasing temperature of the lubri- cant. VI 5 @ ~ 2 ! / ~ 2 ! # 3 100 5 (4). VI 5 92 (5). The Viscosity Index is used in Practice as a single number indicating temperature dependence of kinematic vis- If U < H, calculate the Viscosity Index , VI , of the oil cosity. as follows: Viscosity Index is sometimes used to characterize base VI 5 @ ~~ antilogN ! 2 1 ! # 1100 (6). oils for purposes of establishing engine testing requirements where: for engine oil performance N 5 ~ logH 2 logU !

9 /logY (7). 5. Procedure or Determine the kinematic Viscosity of the sample at Y N 5 H/U (8). 40 C and 100 C in accordance with Test Method D445, Test Calculation Example Measured kinematic viscos- Method D7042, ISO 3104, or IP 71. ity at 40 C of the oil whose Viscosity Index is to be Calculation: calculated = mm2/s; kinematic Viscosity at 100 C of the If the kinematic Viscosity of the sample at 100 C is oil whose Viscosity Index is to be calculated = mm2/s: less than or equal to 70 mm2/s, extract from Table 1 the From Table 1 (by interpolation) H = corresponding values for L and H. Measured values that are not Substituting by Eq 7 (by logarithms): listed, but are within the range of Table 1, may be obtained by linear interpolation.

10 The Viscosity Index is not defined and shall N5 F log~ ! 2 log~ ! log~ ! G. 5 (9). not be reported for oils with kinematic Viscosity of less than Substituting in Eq 6 and rounding to the nearest whole num- mm2/s at 100 C. ber: If the kinematic Viscosity is greater than 70 mm2/s at 100 C, calculate the values of L and H as follows: VI 5 F antilog~ ! 2 1. G. 1100 5 F. 2 1. 1100 G. L 5 Y 2 Y 2 216. H 5 Y 2 Y 2 97. (1). (2). 5 F G. 1100 5 (10). VI 5 156. where: Calculation Example Measured kinematic viscos- ity at 40 C of the oil whose Viscosity Index is to be 5. calculated = mm2/s; kinematic Viscosity at 100 C of the Available from Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish St., London, W1G 7AR, oil whose Viscosity Index is to be calculated = mm2/s: , 6.